Nonorthogonal analysis of variance has been much misunderstood by psy-| chologists, and as a result there has been considerable controversy as to the appropriate methods of analysis. These problems traditionally associated with the nonorthogonal multifactor analysis of variance are rather easily resolved by viewing the analysis of variance (either orthogonal or nonorthogonal) as a series of model comparisons. From this point of view, the analysis of highly ^ confounded designs is seen to yield results that correspond to those that a N purely logical analysis would suggest. A logical flow of comparisons and decisions is developed for both the two-and three-factor designs that, although j more complicated than procedures previously proposed, seems necessary for_ j drawing proper inferences. It is further shown that there is no logical difference between orthogonal and nonorthogonal analysis of variance.

canonical correlation, multivariate analysis, association, redundancy,

This paper is an investigation of the phenomenon which was observed by Huggins in 1953. Huggins found that a binaural stimulus gives a fairly clear perception of pitch although the separate stimuli to the two ears give no such perception. The basic stimulus consists of white noise introduced into one ear while the same white noise, phase transformed in a narrow band of frequencies, is introduced into the other ear. A practiced subject listening to this stimulus reports a faint pitch quality which is judged to sound about the same as narrow-band filtered noise. A forced-choice technique was used in which six subjects were asked to judge the direction of the pitch change when the frequency band over which the phase shift occurs was changed. The control consisted of the same stimulus presented to the two ears. Data are presented indicating the relationship between the percent of correct judgments and the three experimental variables, frequency, band width, and intensity level.

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