During a community outbreak of enterovirus infection, seven of 194 pregnant women (3.6 per cent) were found to be excreting a prime strain of echovirus 11 at term. Each of the seven women possessed serum neutralizing echovirus 11 antibody in titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:320, and the cord serum of their seven infants had antibody in titers of 1:10 to 1:640. None of these seven infants became ill, but four were shedding virus from the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract by three days of age. In a previous study, four infants who died of generalized infection due to the same strain of echovirus 11 had no detectable antibody in cord serum. None of the infants of virus-negative mothers became infected, according to cultures at hospital discharge (151 infants) or at two weeks of age (135 infants). We conclude that passive transplacental acquisition of antibody prevents severe, systemic echovirus disease but does not prevent mucosal infection in the perinatally infected infant.

Introduction: In India, women in their natural role as mothers, sisters, wives, and daughters have been accepted as the principal providers of good health to their families and indirectly to the community. Yet, when it comes to their own health, it receives low priority. Health and fitness of women is compromised by gynecological morbidities that they consider as 'normal' and part of their destiny. For example, in dysmenorrhea, girls remain grounded for 3 to 4 days. Uterine prolapse and urinary leakage compromise quality of women's life. Many of these problems of women can be resolved by nonmedicinal interventions. Therefore, every woman should have the opportunity to learn about the self-care of problems they experience. However, the doctors in the outpatient departments, particularly Obstetrics and Gynecology (OPG-OPD) are usually overworked to explain this to patients.

Reported ocular golf injuries occur less frequently than other ocular sports injuries, but may result in devastating outcomes. Supervision of children using golf equipment should be encouraged.