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Introduction: Our aim was to describe feasibility and outcomes of skin-to-skin care (SSC) that began during cesarean surgery and continued, uninterrupted, for about 5 hours. We described maternal/newborn measures of physiologic stability and stress; maternal measures of comfort; maternal satisfaction with surgery and SSC; and exclusive breast milk feeding at discharge. Materials and Methods: We used a quasiexperimental, time-interrupted design and randomly assigned women to receive SSC that began during surgery (Group 1, intervention; n = 20) or after surgery, before transfer to recovery (Group 2, standard care; n = 20). We analyzed differences across time and for five observations: before transfer to the operating room (OR); in the OR, about 20 minutes after birth; in the recovery room, about 1 hour after admission; in the New Family Center (NFC), about 1 hour after admission; and in the NFC, about 2 hours after admission. Results: Group 1 began SSC an average of 0.89 minutes after birth and continued an average of 300 minutes and Group 2 began an average of 46 minutes after birth and continued an average of 126 minutes. Women who began SSC during surgery were more satisfied with the experience (p = 0.015) and had lower levels of salivary cortisol across time (p = 0.003). We found no negative effects on maternal or newborn measures of physiologic stability and no difference in exclusive breast milk feeding rates at discharge. Conclusion: Immediate and uninterrupted SSC during medically uncomplicated cesarean surgery is a feasible, low-cost intervention that can safely begin during surgery and continue, uninterrupted, for extended durations.

SUMMARY Urine osmolarity under hot and dry climatic conditions remains within the expected physiological ranges and thus shows that supplementary water for breast-fed infants is not necessary.It is generally agreed that infants in a hot and dry climate need extra water. This assumption was

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Reproductive technology has made it possible for those born biologically female and who have partially transitioned to the male gender via hormones to become pregnant and give birth. This article explores the role of the perinatal nurse in providing care during the obstetric experience for a transgender male and his significant other. A carefully executed plan of care can assist the nurse in providing nonjudgmental, nondiscriminatory physical and emotional nursing care, and ensure that the family's healthcare needs are met and that their transition into parenthood is effective.