This study aims to produce a problem-based learning module on trigonometry oriented towards the ability to understand concepts for grade X high school students and to describe the quality of the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the module. This is a research and development with the ADDIE model, which includes five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The implementation of product development was conducted at the State Senior High School 1 Magelang, involving 36 students from class X MIPA 2. This research resulted in a trigonometry module based on problem-based learning syntax. The module is declared valid with an average assessment of experts' content of 4.24 (valid) and media experts of 4.45 (valid). The module was said to be practical, with the average student response questionnaire result of 3.93 (sufficient), the teacher's response questionnaire of 4.00 (practical), and the percentage of learning implementation of 95.24. With Minimum Completeness Criteria of 70, the module is declared effective with an average score of 80.72 for students' concept understanding, which is high, and the percentage of completeness is 87.88, which is good. Based upon the hypothesis test with a significance level of 0.05, it shows that the average understanding of students' concepts is more than 70.

Mathematical literacy and self-efficacy are critical in learning, especially mathematics. In contrast to previous studies, which only describe mathematical literacy and self-efficacy, this study aims to describe the ability of mathematical literacy in terms of mathematical self-efficacy. This research was a survey research qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results of this study indicate that the mathematical literacy abilities of grade VIII students in junior high school in Yogyakarta with sample 436 students are in a low category and the mathematical self-efficacy in the medium category. The higher the students’ mathematical self-efficacy, the higher their mathematical literacy. Students with high mathematical self-efficacy also tend to keep their maximum effort because they have the confidence to solve math literacy questions. Students with medium mathematical self-efficacy tend to doubt their abilities when facing difficult mathematical literacy questions. Students with low mathematical self-efficacy tend not to be confident in solving them because they think they lack mathematical abilities. This research is expected to map the mathematical literacy abilities of junior high school students in Yogyakarta. Besides, it can make material for reflection in world education to improve it.

The ability of creative thinking and mathematical communication is important in learning mathematics. However, in fact mathematics learning in schools today has not shown an optimal effort to help students develop creative thinking skills and mathematical communication skills. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of open-ended questions in mathematics learning and in the evaluation of mathematics learning to support the ability of creative thinking and mathematical communication skills of students, this will be implemented in the perspective of literature review. The type of research used is a systematic and structured literature review, where researchers synthesize relevant study results from international and national literature through Google Scholar, Eric, DOAJ, Scopus and ScienceDirect. Based on the analysis results obtained that mathematical learning using open-ended questions is effectively used to support the ability of creative thinking and mathematical communication skills of students; the provision of open-ended questions can be familiarized with providing learning methods leading to an open-ended approach; the test in the form of open-ended questions can be used as a tool to measure the ability of creative thinking and mathematical communication skills of students; the use of open-ended question can be applied to all levels of education; and the need for high creativity from teachers to prepare learning by applying open-ended questions.

The educational achievement in Indonesia is measured by implementing the National Examination or Ujian Nasional (UN). Throughout its implementation, the UN results shown unsatisfying results, including in mathematics subjects. This fact indicated that there are mathematics topics that are considered to be difficult for students. This study aimed to investigate the difficult topics of mathematics in Vocational High School (VHS) based on UN data. This study was a descriptive research with the quantitative approach by using the UN report results in the level of VHS from Center for Educational Assessment of the Ministry of Education and Culture in the period of 2008 to 2017 (ten years) as a research data source. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative descriptive by mapping the mathematics topics based on proportion correct answers or “daya serap”. A topic was considered difficult if the proportion correct answer was less than 50%. The results showed that there were 14 difficult mathematics topics in the UN implementation at the VHS level from 2008 to 2017. These topics include the comparison of trigonometric functions, solid figure, limit, measure of data dispersion, permutation and combination, differential, area between two curves, a measure of central data tendentious, probability, logarithm, integral, sequence and series, linear program, and polar coordinates system. The implications of the research findings for learning practice and future research opportunities are discussed.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan kondisi soft skill mahasiswa Program StudiPendidikan Matematika saat ini, (2) Mengidentifikasi soft skill apa saja yang dibutuhkan oleh mahasiswadalam rangka membentuk insan cendekia, mandiri, dan bernurani. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitiandeskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FMIPAUNY yang tercatat masih aktif yakni 680 mahasiswa. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan mengacu pada tabelKrecjie. Data dikumpulkan melalui instrumen penelitian berupa angket dan pedoman wawancara untukmahasiswa. Untuk memperkuat temuan yang diperoleh dari mahasiswa, wawancara juga dilakukan kepadabeberapa dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FMIPA UNY. Data dianalisis dengan teknik AnalisisData Deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Kondisi soft skill mahasiswa Program Studi PendidikanMatematika FMIPA UNY saat ini adalah sebagai berikut: (a) Aspek kepribadian termasuk kategori sedang,(b) Aspek keterampilan berinteraksi sosial termasuk baik, (c) Aspek keterampilan berkomunikasi termasukkategori baik, (d) Aspek keterampilan presentasi dalam kategori baik, (e) Aspek keterampilan bekerjasamadalam tim termasuk sudah baik, (f) Aspek keterampilan berinisiatif termasuk kategori sedang, dan (g) Aspekketerampilan beradaptasi termasuk kategori sudah baik. (2) Soft skill yang paling dibutuhkan, sebagian besarmahasiswa menganggap bahwa secara berturut-turut aspek kepribadian, kemampuan berkomunikasi, dankemampuan berinisiatif merupakan aspek prioritas utama yang harus diperhatikan untuk menuju terwujudnyainsan cendekia, mandiri, bernurani sedangkan aspek keempat yaitu keterampilan presentasi merupakan aspekprioritas terakhir.