Species differ in vulnerability to anthropogenic land use changes. Knowledge of the mechanisms driving differential sensitivity can inform conservation strategies but is generally lacking for species-rich taxa in the tropics. The diverse bat fauna of Southeast Asia is threatened by rapid loss of forest and expanding agricultural activities, but the associations between species, traits, vulnerability to agriculture, and the underlying drivers have yet to be elucidated. We studied the responses of speciose insectivorous bat assemblages to robusta coffee cultivation in Sumatra, Indonesia.We compared abundance, species richness, and assemblage structures of bats between forests and coffee farms based on trapping data and evaluated the influence of vegetation complexity on assemblage composition and species-level reactions.Bat abundance and species richness were significantly lower in coffee farms than in forests. Bat assemblage structure differed between land uses, and the overall variation can be largely explained by vegetation simplification. Species sensitive to coffee agriculture were associated with more complex vegetation structure, whereas tolerant species were associated with simpler vegetation structure. Sensitive and tolerant species differed in the type, frequency, and bandwidth of echolocation calls and roost use. Species sensitive to coffee use broadband and high-pitched frequencymodulated calls, which are efficient at detecting insects in complex vegetation, and roost in plant structures that may be lost as vegetation is simplified. In contrast, tolerant species used lower pitched constant-frequency calls and roost in caves. We advocate for greater use of trait analyses in studies seeking to clarify the influence of agriculture on diverse tropical bat faunas.Abstract in Indonesian is available with online material. K E Y W O R D Sforest bat, Indonesia, land use change, species vulnerability, trait-based analyses, vegetation simplification

Repong Damar is a management system in cultivated area by local community of Krui.  It has great biodiversity and plays an important role as avian natural habitat.  This research was conducted to learn the diversity of bird species in Repong Damar using concentrated method in four different locations: area between padi field and forest, settlement area, opened damar forest, and damar forest.  Three replications were done on each location. There are 16 birds species of 10 families (N=468).  The highest diversity index was in damar forest (H’= 1.082), and the lowest was in opened damar forest (H’= 0.502).

Muarasipongi  pine and mixed forests contribute greatly to the biodiversity wildlife.  The study of bird species diversity in pine and mixed forests Muarasipongi, to support the preservation and protection efforts on biodiversity especially bird species. This research was conducted on August 2013 by the point count method on Muarasipongi pine and mixed forest then mark and record all the birds over a predetermined period of time before moving to the next point.  The data obtained were analyzed and then used to calculate the index of species diversity equality, and community similarity were determined.  Observations were made during six repetitions. There are 19 species pine forest, 24 species in the mixed forest and 5 types of birds found in both forest.  Total birds found in Muarasipongi 38 species of 20 families.  Diversity  index (H ') (3.358).  The equality index is 0.923, and has a (IS) or Similarity index is worth 0.277 which means that the similarity between the two species is different habitats.

Cugung forest managed by Protection Forest Management Unit Model (KPHL) of Rajabasa Mountain, its a natural habitat for simpai (Presbytis melalophos). Its size and structure are not known. Research was done to observe its group size and population structure in Cugung forest using concentration count method. Group size was 11 individuals, with 4 reproductive age and 5 young individuals and 2 infants. Sexual ratio is 1:2.Key word: simpai, group size, a cugung forest

Forest fires can cause direct mortality to wildlife, and the associated habitat damage can reduce carrying capacity and population densities. However, little is known about long-term responses of animals to fire in the wet tropics. From 2000-2015, we examined siamang ranging patterns in habitat damaged by fire to assess the effects on these arboreal frugivores. We mapped home ranges (HR) of seven siamang groups inhabiting contiguous HR 3-5, 10-12, and 17-18 years post-fire. We predicted that if habitat connectivity or quality improved over time in burned areas, HR should become larger and centroid locations should shift toward recovering areas. Since territoriality constrains siamang ranging, we examined effects of social and habitat factors on ranging. By 18 years post-fire, tree density in the burned area had returned to the 1997 baseline, but composite LandSat images indicated that tree species composition differed in burned and unburned forest. Our data and the associated models indicated that HR sizes in burned forest increased over time whereas those in unburned forest did not. Centroid locations moved little (15.5 ± 6.9 m y-1) and their movement appeared to be predominantly influenced by social factors, although HR centroids in burned habitat shifted further into the burned area while those in adjacent unburned forest did not. In a large burned area unused by siamangs before 2012, two new groups were observed 15-17 years post-fire, although one subsequently disappeared. This is the first study of the long-term effects of fire on small ape habitat use. By 18 years post-fire, siamangs had incorporated some burned areas into their HR, but did not use heavily damaged areas. Reduced frugivore densities in burned areas may inhibit forest regeneration by disrupting seed dispersal.