The intestinal T cell infiltrate in IBD patients with active endoscopic disease is composed of increased percentages of CD4+ T cells, Tregs, and TCM, with lower percentages of CD8+ T cells and CD103+ T cells, compared with HC and endoscopic inactive IBD. Baseline percentages of CD3, CD4, and Tregs were associated with disease outcome. Further research is needed to demonstrate the predictive value of these lymphocyte subsets.

Objective. The frequent association of gout with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) suggests that it has a systemic component. Our objective was to study whether circulating proinflammatory cytokines are associated with comorbidities in gout patients.Methods. We studied 330 gout patients from 3 independent cohorts and compared them with 144 healthy individuals and 276 disease controls. We measured circulating levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8)/CXCL8, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor, after which we performed proteome-wide analysis in a selection of samples to identify proteins that were possibly prognostic for the development of comorbidities. Replication analysis was performed specifically for myeloidrelated protein 8 (MRP-8)/MRP-14 complex.Results. Compared to healthy controls and disease control patients, patients with gouty arthritis (n 5 48) had significantly higher mean levels of CXCL8 (P < 0.001), while other cytokines were almost undetectable. Similarly, patients with intercritical gout showed high levels of CXCL8. CXCL8 was independently associated with diabetes mellitus in patients with intercritical gout (P < 0.0001). Proteome-wide analysis in gouty arthritis (n 5 18) and intercritical gout (n 5 39) revealed MRP-8 and MRP-14 as the proteins with the greatest differential expression between low and high levels of CXCL8 and also showed a positive correlation of MRP8/MRP14 complex with CXCL8 levels (R 2 5 0.49, P < 0.001). These findings were replicated in an independent cohort. The proteome of gout patients with high levels of CXCL8 was associated with diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 16.5 [95% confiDrs. Broen and Radstake

Background The integrin CD103 is proposed to be a potential therapeutical target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as it can form a heterodimeric integrin with β7 (Etrolizumab, anti-β7 integrin) on epithelial T cells. Therefore, we aimed to study the frequencies of different intestinal CD103+T-cell subsets, both CD4+ and CD8+, in newly diagnosed, untreated IBD patients at baseline and during follow-up, compared with healthy controls. Methods Intestinal biopsies from inflamed segments during colonoscopy and peripheral blood samples were prospectively taken from IBD patients at diagnosis and during follow-up. Blood and single cell suspensions from biopsies were analyzed for CD103+ T-cell subpopulations by flow cytometry and expressed as median percentages of the total T-cell population. Results In total, 75 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, 49 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 16 healthy controls were included. At presentation, IBD patients displayed lower percentages of CD103+T-cell subsets in inflamed biopsies: 3% (1 to 5) CD103+CD4+ in IBD vs 5% (5 to 7) in healthy controls (P = 0.007) and 9% (4 to 15) CD103+CD8+ compared with 42% (23 to 57) in healthy controls (P = 0.001). The majority of intestinal T cells was composed of CD103-CD4+ T cells (65% [52 to 74]) in IBD compared with 30% (21 to 50) in healthy controls (P = 0.001). In patients with endoscopic remission during follow-up (n = 27), frequencies of CD103+ and CD103-T-cell subsets were comparable with healthy controls. Conclusion At diagnosis, active inflammation in IBD was associated with decreased percentages of both CD103+CD4+ and CD103+CD8+T-cell subsets in colon and ileum biopsies. In active disease during follow-up, these T-cell populations remained low but increased in remission to values comparable with healthy controls. A shift toward more CD103-T cells was observed during active inflammation.

Newly diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease display different T-cell maturation profiles in the gut mucosa, corresponding to distinct cytokine responses. Follow-up studies are needed to determine whether the profiles associate with clinical course and response to therapy.

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