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There is currently an urgent need to study the application of solar energy to photovoltaic systems due to the need to produce electricity; indeed, maximizing the performance of solar energy promotes efficient and sustainable energy systems. The objective of this study was to determine the photovoltaic performance of a dual-axis solar tracker based on photovoltaic cells with different inclination angles at high altitudes above 3800 m.a.s.l. A solar tracking system activated by two linear actuators was implemented to automatically follow the trajectory of the sun during the day, and the results were compared with those from a fixed photovoltaic system. In addition, due to the climatic variation in the area, photovoltaic cells installed at different inclination angles were used to maximize electricity production and processed by a programmable logic controller (PLC). Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the factors that influenced the performance of the photovoltaic system during the experimental period. The results showed that the maximum monthly performance of the solar tracker was 37.63% greater than that of the fixed system, reaching 10.66 kWh/m2/d on sunny days in peak sun hours (PSH). On days with frequent rain and clouds, the partial yield was less than 14.38%, with energy production during PSH of 6.54 kWh/m2/d. Therefore, in this high-altitude area, the performance of the solar tracker was greater from July to October; from November to February, the performance was reduced due to the occurrence of rain.

RESUMENEl objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es determinar la energía solar para el diseño bioclimático de viviendas en la ciudad de Juliaca para dos sistemas: solar fotovoltaico para la generación de energía eléctrica y solar térmico para el calentamiento de agua. En el desarrollo de este proyecto se ha hecho la medición diaria durante tres meses de la irradiación solar con un instrumento de medición solar Solarimetro MAC-SOLAR SLM018c-2, donde se determinó un valor promedio de irradiación solar de 1110,04 W/m2 siendo las Horas Sol Pico (HSP) de 6,632 kWh/m2/d a una temperatura promedio de 34,04 ºC en la ciudad de Juliaca, con un intervalo de tiempo óptimo desde las 9:00 hasta las 15:00 horas de irradiación solar continua en (HSP) durante el día, que ha permitido modelar el comportamiento la energía solar para el diseño sistemas fotovoltaicos y térmicos; además, se ha construido un módulo experimental de suelo radiante en una habitación bioclimática, que por recirculación de agua caliente por el piso llega a alcanzar una temperatura promedio de 20.93 ºC desde las 6:00 hasta las 21:00 horas estando dentro de la zona de confort del Diagrama Psicométrico de Givoni y la Norma Técnica Peruana (NTP). Palabras Claves: Energía solar, fotovoltaica, irradiación solar, térmica, radiante, vivienda bioclimática.

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