Background: Leptin is a multifunctional hormone plays an important role in regulating lipid, energy, homeostasis, angiogenesis, inflammation, hematopoiesis and cell cycle. This polypeptide is effective in growth and differentiation of leukemic cells through an Ob-R receptor expressed by them. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum leptin levels in patients with acute leukemia and compare it in lymphoid and myeloid groups. Patients and Methods:This analytical case-control study, conducted on 60 children in age ranged from 6 months to 16 years in two case and control groups in Ali ibn Abi Talib hospital, Zahedan. They matched based on age and gender and examined after their parent's satisfaction according to the parental consent forms. None of patients had heart disease, digestive, glandular and metabolic problems, iron deficiency anemia and chronic kidney disease. After collecting the samples, leptin levels of both groups were measured with ELISA kit. Then, the gathered data were analyzed in SPSS-20 software, using independent t-test in considering of 95% confidence interval. Results: Leptin serum levels in patients with acute leukemia and controls showed significant difference (P < 0.05). Leptin serum levels in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloblastic leukemia showed significant difference (P < 0.05). Leptin serum level in relation to age and gender groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions:The findings of this study showed that in patients with acute leukemia, leptin serum levels increase independently of age and gender. In addition, leptin serum levels in acute lymphoid leukemia were higher than acute myeloid leukemia in this study.

Background: The clinical implication of abnormal liver functional tests (LFTs) is not well studied in children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). We aimed to screen LFTs in children with CHDs. Methods: LFTs including liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), as well as direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin and albumin were measured in 80 children with CHDs. Results: Ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), atrial septa defect (ASD), congestive heart failure (CHF) and Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) accounted for 45 (67.4%), 3 (3.8%), 25 (20%), 2 (2.5%) and 5 (6.2%) of our patients, respectively. Abnormally elevated ALT, AST, ALP, DB, TB and reduced total protein were identified in 3 (3.8%), 21 (26.2%), 6 (7.6%), 10 (12.5%), 7 (8.8%) and 43 (53.8%), respectively. There was no significant difference in LFTs among various CHDs except for AST (P = 0.04). The mean level of AST was significantly lower in children with VSD (31.4 ±10.7 IU/l) than those of TOF (48.3 ±22.8 IU/l, P = 0.03) and ASD (36.8 ±9.8 IU/l, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Considering the respectively high incidence of abnormal LFTs in children with CHDs, it is advisable to regularly monitor these tests to timely manage any progressions toward congestive or ischaemic hepatitis. Keywords congenital heart disease, ventricular septal defect, heart failure, ischaemic hepatitis