Background: Diarrhoea remains one of the major causes of death among infants significantly in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The major contributing factors for higher incidence and mortality rates are improper sanitation, unsafe drinking water, physiological conditions like malnutrition, weak immune system.Rotavirus is the major causative agent of diarrhoea in young children in developed and undeveloped countries. Electrolyte abnormalities is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in younger children with acute gastroenteritis and increased mortality is seen in malnourished children. The common abnormalities associated with acute gastroenteritis are hyponatremia and hypokalaemia. The average duration of hospital stay is 2.5 days.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which studied 173 patients of acute gastroenteritis which have been admitted to the CMC, Tehran in 1 year. (June 2021-May2022).Results: In this study 173 patients were studied. 101 patients (58.4%) were infants, 55 patients (31.8%) were preschool children and 17 patients (9.8%) were older children. 70 patients (40.5%) were females and 103 patients (59.5%) were males. The most common electrolyte abnormality that was encountered in this study is hyponatremia (51.4%) >hypokalaemia (11.6%) >hypernatremia (6.9%) >hyperkalaemia (1.2%).Conclusions: The order of electrolyte abnormalities seen: Hyponatremia (51.4%), hypokalaemia (11.6%), hypernatremia (6.9%), hyperkalaemia (1.2%). Duration of hospitalisation is 1 day for majority of the patients and is high for patients with hyponatremia.
Background: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic defect that affects multiple organs in the body. These patients present with progressive obstructive lung disease, sinusitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and male infertility. The respiratory tract of these patients is more vulnerable for bacterial colonization, most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hemophilus influenza and Staphylococcus aureus. There is a possibility of pulmonary hypertension development in these patients due to alveolar hypoxia alongside chronic systemic inflammatory response causing endothelial dysfunction. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which studied 109 cystic fibrosis patients admitted to CMC, Tehran in 2 years. Results: In this study 109 patients were studied. 35 patients (32.1%) were <1 year of age, 11 patients (10.1%) were 1-5 years of age, 26 patients (23.9%) were 5-10 years of age and 37 patients (33.9%) were >10 years of age. 61 patients (56%) were females and 48 patients (44%) were males. The most common organisms encountered in sputum culture were Staphylococcus aureus (23.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.3%) and Candida albicans (11.9%). Pulmonary arterial hypertension was present in 24.7% of the target population, out of which 22.9% were having mildly elevated PAH and 1.8% had severely high PAH. Conclusions: The most common organism seen is S. aureus followed by P. aeruginosa. A significant number of patients presented with mildly elevated PAH and some with severely high PAH.
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