AimTo determine the dose of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) required to induce oxidative stress, as well as pain and edema; to confirm the induction of knee osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms in rats by the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of antioxidant agents; and to verify the presence of histopathological injury in these affected joints.MethodBiological markers of oxidative stress, pain, knee edema, and cartilage degeneration provided by different doses of MIA (0.5; 1.0 or 1.5 mg) in rat knee joints were analyzed. The animal evaluations were conducted during 15 days for mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, spontaneous pain and edema. After that, blood serum, intra‐articular lavage and structures of knee, spinal cord and brainstem were collected for biochemical analysis; moreover, the knees were removed for histological evaluation.ResultsThis study demonstrates that the highest dose of MIA (1.5 mg) increased the oxidative stress markers and reduced the antioxidant reactions, both in the focus of the lesion and in distant sites. MIA also induced the inflammatory process, characterized by pain, edema, increase in neutrophil count and articular damage.ConclusionThis model provides a basis for the exploration of underlying mechanisms in OA and the identification of mechanisms that may guide therapy and the discovery of OA signals and symptoms.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that causes pain and gradual degeneration of the articular cartilage. In this study, MIA‐induced OA knee model was used in rats to test the effects of the photobiomodulation therapy (PBM). We analyzed the inflammatory process (pain and cytokine levels), and its influence on the oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Knee OA was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) intra‐articular injection (1.5 mg/50 μL) and the rats were treated with eight sessions of PBM 3 days/week (904 nm, 6 or 18 J/cm2). For each animal, mechanical and cold hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain were evaluated; biological analyses were performed in blood serum, intra‐articular lavage, knee structures, spinal cord and brainstem. Cytokine assays were performed in knee, spinal cord and brainstem samples. The effects of the 18 J/cm2 dose of PBM were promising in reducing pain and neutrophil activity in knee samples, together with reducing oxidative stress damage in blood serum and spinal cord samples. PBM improved the antioxidant capacity in blood serum and brainstem, and decreased the knee pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels. Our study demonstrated that PBM decreased oxidative damage, inflammation and pain. Therefore, this therapy could be an important tool in the treatment of knee OA.

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Introdução: A osteoartrite (OA) é uma doença reumática, degenerativa e progressiva que atinge as articulações sinoviais. Indivíduos com OA apresentam dor, rigidez articular matinal, sinais inflamatórios, crepitações, hipotrofia muscular e limitações na amplitude de movimento. A fisioterapia utiliza de recursos terapêuticos, como exercícios, para reduzir os sintomas e melhorar a qualidade de vida do indivíduo com OA. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve por finalidade verificar o efeito da associação de exercícios de fortalecimento, de marcha e de equilíbrio sobre a dor, a amplitude de movimento, o equilíbrio, a qualidade de vida e a capacidade funcional de indivíduos com OA de joelho. Método: Estudo clínico cego, no qual participaram 16 indivíduos com OA de joelho de ambos os gêneros e idade média de 61,38 ±16,10 anos. Os participantes realizaram 12 sessões de fisioterapia, realizando exercícios de fortalecimento, marcha e equilíbrio. Eles foram avaliados antes e após o tratamento, por meio da escala visual analógica de dor, do questionário Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC), do questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36, da goniometria, teste Timed Up and Go, teste de caminhada rápida de 10 metros, Escala de equilíbrio de Berg e teste de Romberg. Resultados: Obteve-se diminuição da dor e, melhora da qualidade de vida nos domínios do questionário SF-36: aspectos funcionais, dor, estado geral de saúde e aspectos emocionais. O tratamento também proporcionou aumento da amplitude de movimento em flexão, melhorou o equilíbrio no teste de Romberg com os olhos fechados e funcionalidade nos domínios rigidez e aspecto funcional do questionário WOMAC. Conclusão: Os exercícios de fortalecimento, marcha e equilíbrio foram capazes de reduzir a dor, melhorar a amplitude de movimento, equilíbrio, funcionalidade e qualidade de vida de pacientes com OA de joelho.

Introduction Human posture goes through a series of changes in the course of body growth and development, i.e., in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, during these phases, individuals are subject to risk behaviors for spinal problems, especially those related to the use of backpacks and to poor sitting posture. Objective This study aimed to detect the prevalence of postural alterations in school children enrolled in the UMEF Vila Olímpica, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. Methods We evaluated 513 schoolchildren in the orthostatic position and in the anterior, posterior and side view. The following structures were analyzed: head, shoulder, the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, pelvis and lower limbs. Results There was a high prevalence of postural deviations: rotated or tilted head, elevated shoulder and pelvis, valgus or varus knee, head protraction, alterations of the thoracic spine, anteriorized shoulders, pelvis in anteversion, knees semiflexion or hyperextension and cavus or planus feet. Conclusion Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence of postural alterations in students in the school network of Vila Velha (ES). This could be detected through public health policies, such as the federal government´s Health at School Program (PSE).