Livros IVO livro aborda o meio ambiente, a poluição e a reciclagem. As autoras tratam o tema de forma clara, objetiva e de fácil compreensão, de maneira que os leitores que não são familiarizados com a terminologia técnica podem entendê-lo.É um livro que pode ser adotado nas disciplinas de Ecologia, Ciências do Ambiente, Introdução à Engenharia Ambiental ou similares em cursos de graduação, pois é introdutório e permite induzir discussões e incentivar debates sobre as questões ambientais no mundo e no Brasil. Com relação à reciclagem, as autoras abordam apenas a questão dos plásticos, tendo em vista que elas desenvolvem pesquisas nessa área. Comentário elaborado por Claudia Coutinho Nóbrega. Coordenador da Coluna Livros: Cícero Onofre de Andrade NetoA seção "Livros", que a cada edição traz resumos comentados sobre livros de interesse na área, tem como principal objetivo permitir que o leitor, de forma rápida, se atualize e conheça o que há disponível no mercado editorial. As contribuições deverão ser encaminhadas para:resa@abes-dn.org.brMeio ambiente, poluição e reciclagem
Resumo: O uso de fibras naturais como reforçadores para termoplásticos tem despertado interesse crescente, principalmente para termoplásticos reciclados, devido ao baixo custo, utilização de recursos naturais brasileiros disponíveis, além de contribuir para a despoluição ambiental. No presente trabalho foram avaliadas as propriedades térmicas, mecânicas e morfológicas de compósitos de polietileno de alta densidade reciclado (HDPE-r) e fibra de piaçava da Amazônia (Leopoldinia piassaba), tratada e não-tratada, em diferentes proporções (5, 10 e 15% de fibra). O trabalho tem como objetivo a obtenção de compósitos a fim de atender as exigências do mercado como materiais alternativos, visando à fabricação de placas de baixo custo para estruturas sob pequeno esforço. As fibras foram submetidas a tratamento superficial com silano de duas formas: impregnação direta (fibra-ts) e com solução metanólica (fibra-tms). Foi verificado que os compósitos HDPE-r / fibra-ts apresentaram melhor desempenho mecânico que os obtidos com fibra-tms, em função da remoção pelo metanol da fração contendo lignina, componente estrutural da fibra. O aumento da adesão fibra-matriz de HDPE reciclado em compósitos com fibra tratada, conforme observado pelas microfratografias apresentadas, pode explicar este desempenho. A estabilidade térmica dos compósitos foi pouco afetada com a incorporação da fibra tratada. Palavras-chave:Compósitos poliméricos, piaçava, polietileno de alta densidade reciclado. Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Behavior of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene Reinforced with Piassava FiberAbstract: The use of natural fibers as reinforcement for thermoplastics, especially for recycled thermoplastics, has generated much interest due to their low cost, possibility of environmental protection and use of locally available renewable resources. In this work we evaluate the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of composites of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE-r) with treated and untreated piassaba fibers (Leopoldinia piassaba) in different proportions (5, 10 and 15% w/w). The objective of this work is to obtain composites of HDPE-r / piassaba fiber in order to fulfill the needs of the consumer market, aiming at preparing low-cost plates for light duty jobs. Fibers were submitted to superficial treatment with silane in two different ways: direct incorporation and treatment with methanolic solution of the coupling agent. The results show that composites of HDPE with silane-treated-only fiber had better mechanical performance than methanolic solutions of silane; the increase on fiber -polymer matrix interface adhesion, as revealed from morphological analysis, can explain this higher performance. Thermal stability of the composites is not greatly affected with the addition of treated fiber.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was ␥-irradiated (5-20 kGy) by a 137 Cs source at room temperature in air. The changes in the molecular structure attributed to ␥-irradiation were studied by mechanical testing (flexure and hardness), size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and both Fourier transform infrared and solution 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the influence of the dose of ␥ rays on the fracture behavior of PMMA. The experimental results confirm that the PMMA degradation process involves chain scission. It was also observed that PMMA presents a brittle fracture mechanism and modifications in the color, becoming yellowish. The mechanical property curves show a similar pattern when the ␥-radiation dose increases.
The recycling of polymeric materials has gained increasing attention in the world because of economic and environmental considerations. Therefore, blends of low cost plastics such as polyolefins, Polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride) present in polymeric waste are of particular interest. Among the different methods for recovering plastic residues, a two‐step process, developed by two of the authors, permits the production of materials with controllable composition and homogeneous characteristics. The paper discusses the behavior of recycled 75/25 blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) after exposure to various does of gamma‐irradiation (10–2000 kGy) in the presence of oxygen. Mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to investigate the effects of gamma‐irradiation on the polymer material. Mechanical strength was found to increase with irradiation doses up to 100 kGy, followed by a small decrease and a tendency to stabilization at higher doses. The degradation process is discussed.
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