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This study aimed to evaluate one-visit apexification with MTA apical plug versus traditional calcium hydroxide apexification with the help of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) apical matrix. Methods: 18 immature permanent maxillary anterior teeth with non-vital pulp were chosen from 14 children ranging from 9 to15 years old, and were divided randomly into two main groups with 9 teeth in each group [Group I MTA, and Group 2 Ca(OH) 2 ]. Platelet Rich Fibrin was used for both groups as internal apical matrix. In group 1 MTA approximately 4-5 mm thickness of mixed MTA apical plug was placed at the apical end of the root, then the canal was obturated by Obtura II system after 24 hours, while in group 2 Ca(OH) 2 ; the apexification was done by Ca(OH) 2 and renewed at 3,6 months and after 12 months the canal was obturated by Obtura II system. The radiographs were taken for all cases at preoperatively, post operatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months follow up. Data were subjected to statistically analyze. Results: At 12 months follow up period 100% of teeth with calcific apical barrier were detected in Group 1 MTA, and 88% of teeth with calcific apical barrier were detected in Group 2 Ca (OH) 2. However, there was no difference in statistically point of view between the groups. Conclusions: One-visit apexification provides an alternative treatment option over the traditional calcium hydroxide apexification in treating the non-vital cases with open apices.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Green tea as a root canal irrigant using Endovac irrigation System. Materials and Methods: for this study, 60 extracted human teeth were used. After their decapitation, they were instrumented using Universal ProTaper rotary files up to size F4 then separated into 2 set of groups according to the solution used in irrigation; Group A1: irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl Group A2: irrigated with Green tea (30 specimens in each group). We then subdivided each group into 2 subgroups according to the technique used for irrigation; Subgroup A: using conventional irrigation and Subgroup B: using Endovac irrigation system. Samples were sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis(ATCC29212) for 48 hrs. After irrigation, microbial samples were collected, transferred to nutrient agar and incubated for counting of bacterial colony forming units (CFUs). The significance level was P≤ 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant difference among the tested groups and subgroups in the mean scores of bacterial counts. Concerning the irrigating devices, there was statistically significant difference between conventional irrigation and Endovac system as Endovac showed higher antibacterial effect than conventional irrigation (P ≤ 0.05). Green tea showed statistical significant difference with Endovac system subgroup than conventional irrigation (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Endovac irrigation system was effective in eradication of E. faecalis from the root canals using either NaOCl or Green tea.