This paper studies the performance of the primary and secondary flow paths of the heat exchangers (HEXs) in the Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Explicit solutions for the wall temperature, primary and secondary wall temperatures of the HEX are presented. Therefore, closed form expressions for wall temperature, primary and secondary wall temperature are proposed. Moreover, performance analysis of HEX is investigated. The various effects of pipe wall heat capacities, perimeter, fluid heat transfer (HT) coefficient and wall HT coefficient on the HEX are evaluated. The obtained results confirm that the surface contact between the two fluid passes reduces the temperature to some extent at 5 seconds. As a final point of observation, the temperature distributions through the HEX structure increases with the decrease of its perimeter. The proposed work allows more control of the HT process within the HEX. Consequently, the performance of NPPs can be improved.

The present study is concerned with overcoming the resultant image degradation due to the integration of the optoelectronics instruments (OEIDs). Accordingly, the characteristics of the image, due to optoelectronic integration, are handled and improved. The image features include the transmission mechanism and the concentration of electrons. The device performance is improved through the optimal design of the basic parameters. Furthermore, the efficient design of structure parameters will minimize the reabsorption process. Optimization of the integrator structure is realized. MATLAB environment is used for devising this instrument. The optimal number of integrator base and wave number characterizing the scale of near-infrared (NIR) image nonuniformity are estimated to be 13 and 0.206 respectively. The output of this instrument is also conducted through closed-form expressions of the underlined instrument. The achieved results show a remarkable accuracy for handling the deformations raised during the integration process. In addition, the results show that the carrier concentration changes the behavior of the output of the NIR image.

This paper focuses on overcoming the high Peak to Average Power Ratio challenging within Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Asynchronous (OFDMA) communication system. This signal is modulated using differential phase-shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation techniques. It is degraded under different noise attacks. Signal recovery algorithms are supposed for overcoming the high peak power problem. This issue is resolved through the detection of maximum peaks within threshold peak values of the power amplifier output signal. Additionally, these peaks are identified depending on the extracted power density and order statistics features. This system is trained using an artificial neural network under different channel impairments. Besides, the error rate of this network is computed in presence of different channel fadings. Rayleigh fading imposes the best performance for the transmitted OFDMA signal. Moreover, recognition of 100% is attained using the high order statistics compared to the power density features in presence of noise attacks.