Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are described as discomforts experienced by the worker on the musculoskeletal and neurovascular systems. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, nurses are in the 10 major occupations which have the high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disease. It is more relevant in less-developed countries because of prolonged hospital stays and increased patient loads. Aim of work: To estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints and its associated factors among nurses. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study with comparative component was conducted among nurses working in Mansoura Children University Hospital during the period from January to May 2017. Data was collected using a questionnaire included personal, past and occupational histories. Furthermore, a Nordic Questionnaire was used to examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among the participants. Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was employed to study the possible associated ergonomic factors. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among nurses was 85.9 % .The most common sites were elbow (85.2%) followed by pelvis/ thigh (74.9%) and wrist (64.6%). Surprisingly the least site for pain was low back pain (37%). This prevalence was statistically lower among age group (30-<40 years old) compared to younger age group (80.0% versus 91.2%). It increased for continuous working ≥ 6 hours and shift work with adjusted odds ratio (2.59, 2.19; respectively).

Introduction: Saudi Arabia has experienced major socioeconomic changes over the last 3 decades that potentially promote women employment. The impact of working status on the mother's awareness and practices of breastfeeding has never been the focus of previous local studies. Aim of work: to examine the awareness and practices of breastfeeding among working and non-working mothers in two centers in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among mothers attending the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) clinics at Saad Specialist Hospital, and at King Fahad University Hospital from January to April 2015. Data were collected during an interview that covered demographic characteristics of the mothers, as well as Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of breastfeeding. Results: A total 280 mothers (136 working and 144 non-working; 245 Saudi and 35 non-Saudi) were included in the study. The age ranged from 18 to 55 years with a mean of 29.9±8.0 years. The overall awareness of breastfeeding benefits and duration was 78.1%, with no significant difference between working and non-working mothers (79.3% versus 76. 9%, p=0.195). Approximately 97.5% of the studied mothers initiated breastfeeding while 45.7% had exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months, with no significant differences by working status (p=0.716 and p=1.000, respectively). Several reasons for early stopping of exclusive breastfeeding were reported. Conclusion: Among mothers attending MCH services in two centers in the Eastern region, there was high

Introduction: Job satisfaction refers to the extent to which employees like their jobs. It is one of the most vital factors that define efficiency and productivity of human resources. In Egypt, nurses are the backbone of the health care system. However, they are not well appreciated in most institutions. Nurses' job satisfaction is a multidimensional occurrence affected by many variables. Aim of work: to assess the level of job satisfaction and its associated socio-demographic and workplace factors among nurses working in Mansoura University Hospital (MUH). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Mansoura University Hospital nurses during the period from 1March to 31May 2017. The data was collected using selfadministered questionnaire formed of three parts: Socio-demographic characteristics, Work characteristics and McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale (MMSS) that having eight subscales to assess nurses' job satisfaction level. Results: A total of 346 nurses were included, yielding a response rate of 88.49%. The majority of our group expressed low job satisfaction (61.8 %). The significant independent predictors of low job satisfaction among nurses were in the following order: lack of communication with their colleagues (OR =4.18) and deprivation from supervisor support (OR =2.32). Conclusion: The present study indicated that nearly two thirds of Mansoura University Hospital nurses expressed low job satisfaction. Lack of colleagues-communication and supervisor support at work predicted the outcome variable. Achievement of high level of job satisfaction is recommended to provide high-quality health care system. With this information, staff nurses could improve their own satisfaction by cultivating their peer communication. In addition, changing attitude of nurse supervisor towards positive relation with staff nurses is crucial to increase job satisfaction.

Introduction: Health care workers (HCW) may avoid healthcare-associated infections through adherence to Standard Precautions (SP) resulting in better clinical outcomes and decreased medical costs. Reduction of that must be considered for all blood borne pathogens through adherence to standard precautions, using personal protective equipments, appropriate use of safety devices, and providing a needle disposal system in the work place. Some articles have involved data about adherence of healthcare workers to standard precautions toward infection control and prevention in developing countries. Aim of work: To assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of HCW to SP of infection control guidelines in one of the major tertiary health care facilities in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to asses Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices related to SP among 202 medical staff; physicians and nurses, using a standardized self-administered questionnaire based on CDC (Center for Disease and Control) guidelines to Standard Precautions from May to July 2015. Results: physicians achieved higher score of Knowledge compared to nurses (P<0.05). The mean score of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among females is higher than males with statistically significant difference, and higher scores of Knowledge were associated with higher scores of Practices. Conclusion: Findings of the present study highlighted the need for continuing training programs to target nurses and physicians to establish acceptance of appropriate practices that enable them to adopt and adhere to SP.

Introduction: Needle Stick Injuries are common and expected among health-care workers during execution of their patient care services. Aim of work: To estimate annual incidence of needle stick and sharps injuries among health care workers and to describe the associated factors and type of injuries in a tertiary hospital in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The target group was all health care workers who obligatory reported for needle stick, sharp injuries during the period from January 2013 to December 2015. The occupational health specialist of the hospital interviewed them to take full documented history through standard questionnaire, performed examination if needed and requested for necessary investigations for the workers and the source patient if known. Results: about 30% of the injuries occurred in Emergency Rooms, followed by Operating Theater (about 20%). The commonest site of injury was fingers (70%). It was more common among female, especially nurses (33.3%). Investigating their Anti HBs antibody titre showed 90.6 % immune. The highest reported incidence occurs during blood sample collection (28.2%). Health care workers explained the cause of injury in form of being rushed (38.46%) or feeling fatigued (28.20%). Majority of them (58.12%) squeezed and cleaned the affected part with disinfectant as immediate actions following exposure. Conclusion: Occupational injuries with needles or other sharps are common among health care professionals especially nurses. It is more incident at emergency room due to high level of stress and rush at work. Training of workers and is recommended to increase their knowledge about the danger of injuries and the appropriate immediate action to be done after