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Chlorocardicin, a novel monocyclic j-lactam, was isolated from the fermentation broth of a Streptomyces sp. by the use of non-ionic porous resin and reverse phase chromatography. This chlorine-containing antibiotic is structurally related to nocardicin A. Its physico-chemical characteristics and detailed NMR analysis are described.In the course of an investigation directed toward the discovery of cell-wall active antibiotics, a novel monocyclic /3-lactam antibiotic related to nocardicin A (1) was isolated. A description of the producing organism and the fermentation conditions used are reported in the preceding paper1) . The present paper describes the isolation and chemical characterization of this new product, chlorocardicin (2). The titers of chlorocardicin in fermentation broths and various fractions obtained during the purification procedure were best determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A preclean-up of the broth samples was needed before injecting onto the HPLC. This was achieved by acidification of 5 ml of clarified broth to pH 3 with phosphoric acid and passage onto a Water's Sep-Pak (C18), followed by washing with 2 x 5 ml of phosphate buffer (0.01 M, pH 3) and then elution with 5 ml of a 1:1 mixture of methanol -water. Appropriate dilutions were made and samples injected onto the HPLC. These assays were performed using a Beckman Model 345/165 HPLC instrument equipped with an Altex Ultrasphere-ODS (5 pm) column (4.6 mm ID x 15 cm) with UV detection at 275 nm. The mobile phase was a gradient of acetonitrile and 0.1 % aqueous trifluoroacetic acid at a flow rate of 1 ml/minute (15% acetonitrile for 5 minutes followed by a steep gradient to 25% acetonitrile

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p-Dimethylaminobenzonitrile (1) possesses an unexpected degree of anticoccidial activity for so simple a chemical. For example, 1 at 0.025% in the diet prevented mortality and nearly controlled blood loss in feces of chicks infected with a virulent strain of Eimeria tenella. Per cent fecal score was 86.4 and weight gain was 82.5% that of noninfected,

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