The disposal of coconut wastes is costly and damaging to the environment, but its uses are advantageous activated carbons production. Coconut leaves waste were used for activated carbon production by pyrolysis at 500º C and activation with potassium carbonate.The activated carbon was used for caffeine removal from aqueous solution. The coconut leaves activated carbon showed a predominantly amorphous structure from X-ray diffraction analysis and a pH at the zero charge point of 7.9. From the N2 adsorption/desorption method, the adsorbent showed a predominance of mesopores, with average pore size of 45.48 ηm and a surface area of 678.03 m 2 /g. From kinetic studies the data followed the pseudo-second order, where the intraparticle diffusion can be neglected. The adsorption isotherms were satisfactorily adjusted for the Redlich-Peterson model and a type curve L was identified. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption occurred spontaneously, was exothermic and governed by physical adsorption. The artificial neural networks developed were capable of predicting both kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data under different operating conditions and was comparable to the traditional models available in literature in the training experiments, encouraging its use for data generalization when an efficient dataset is used. In conclusion, coconut leaves waste showed to be a promising feedstock to produce activated carbon aiming caffeine removal from water and wastewater.
The disposal of coconut wastes is costly and damaging to the environment, but its uses are advantageous activated carbons production. Coconut leaves waste were used for activated carbon production by pyrolysis at 500º C and activation with potassium carbonate. The activated carbon was used for caffeine removal from aqueous solution. The coconut leaves activated carbon showed a predominantly amorphous structure from X-ray diffraction analysis and a pH at the zero charge point of 7.9. From the N2 adsorption/desorption method, the adsorbent showed a predominance of mesopores, with average pore size of 45.48 ηm and a surface area of 678.03 m2/g. From kinetic studies the data followed the pseudo-second order, where the intraparticle diffusion can be neglected. The adsorption isotherms were satisfactorily adjusted for the Redlich-Peterson model and a type curve L was identified. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption occurred spontaneously, was exothermic and governed by physical adsorption. The artificial neural networks developed were capable of predicting both kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data under different operating conditions and was comparable to the traditional models available in literature in the training experiments, encouraging its use for data generalization when an efficient dataset is used. In conclusion, coconut leaves waste showed to be a promising feedstock to produce activated carbon aiming caffeine removal from water and wastewater.
RESUMO -Linear alquilbenzeno sulfonato de sódio (LAS) é um dos surfactantes mais utilizados como componente ativo de detergentes e outros produtos de limpeza, devido ao seu baixo custo e alta eficiência como tensoativo. Devido ao seu acúmulo em níveis tróficos mais baixos, a comunidade científica tem voltado seus olhares para esse e outros tensoativos, como o nonilfenol. A bioacumulação desses compostos orgânicos tem sido reportados como perturbadores endócrinos. Como forma de analisar a biodegradação dos surfactantes (em geral) no meio, um efluente sintético foi produzido utilizando o surfactante dodecil sulfato de sódio (tipo de LAS), e posteriormente tratado com três tipos de fungos filamentosos, Aspergillus aculeatus, Penicillium chrysogenum e Penicillium crustosum. Para a fermentação realizada em shaker, o inóculo produzido com os esporos foi colocado para fermentar o efluente sintético a 25ºC, 180 rpm em meio mínimo líquido, durante cinco dias. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o fungo que mais se destacou na biodegradação do LAS foi o Penicillium crustosum, removendo mais de 95% do tensoativo do meio. Os outros dois fungos Aspergillus aculeatus e Penicillium chrysogenum removeram, respectivamente, 85% e 90% do tensoativo do meio. INTRODUÇÃOA contaminação dos recursos ambientais subterrâneos e superficiais por compostos orgânicos tóxicos é um dos maiores impasses enfrentados pela geração atual. Ainda que, haja uma grande variedade de produtos químicos e processos físicos de tratamento de resíduos tóxicos, a maior parte destes somente se dilui ou são transferidos para outra fase, não ocorrendo a degradação (SILVA, 2013).Ao longo da década de 70 e mais acentuadamente na década de 80, a sociedade começou a despertar para as ameaças a que estava sujeita se não mudasse o comportamento quanto ao uso de seus recursos hídricos (SETTI et al., 2001).Os surfactantes não-iônicos e aniônicos são usados em formulações de detergentes de uso industrial e doméstico no mundo todo, há mais de quarenta anos. Os processos biológicos empregados para o tratamento de soluções contendo alquilfenóis-etoxilados (surfactante não-iônico) em estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) geram alquilfenóis mais tóxicos e mais persistentes no ambiente. Os compostos mais comuns dessa classe são o octilfenol (OP) e o nonilfenol (NP), sendo também os que apresentam maior estrogenicidade.Área temática: Processos Biotecnológicos 1
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