No abstract

Oxidative stability of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.

Present work proposes the substitution of traditional food stabilizers from the hydrocolloids of algae. Hydrocolloids from Nostoc commune and Nostoc sphaericum were extracted, characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and modelled their rheological behavior. The dried extract samples were dried by lyophilization and hot air and diluted in water at concentrations of 0.15% and 0.25% and lastly stored at different temperatures (7-80 °C). The infrared indicated CO -C vibrations corresponding to the glucose cycle (1020 cm-1) and C = O of carboxyl groups (1950 cm-1) are proper of hydrocolloids. Rheological models of Bingham, Ostwald and Herschel-Bulkley confirmed that the Nostoc coomune species presents a higher coefficient of plastic viscosity (η) and coefficient of consistency (k) than Nostoc commune; the freeze drying method had a positive influence and significant on these results (p < 0.05). Likewise, the hydrocolloid samples were diluted under nectar conditions (12 °Brix and 4.5 pH) taking carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a control, finding that there is less influence of temperature on the consistency index of hydrocolloids in the order of Nostoc sphericum < Nostoc commune < CMC. It is concluded that the application of hydrocolloids of the genus nosctoc can be used as additives in the preparation of nectar, maintaining their rheological properties.

Seed and peel avocado (Persea Americana) are agro-industrial residues whose structure presents an important quantity of source of polyphenolic components which can be obtained by various extraction methods. Response surface methodology (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model and optimize the conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (25 W/L) with respect to temperature (40-60 °C), concentration of ethanol/water (30%-60%) and extraction time (40-80 min) in obtaining phenolic from avocado residues. RSM and ANN allowed finding an optimal phenolic content for seeds (145.170-146.569 mg GAE/g; 49 °C, 41.2% and 65.5-65.1 min) and peels (124.050-125.187 mg GAE/g; 50.9 °C, 49.5% and 61.8 min). The models estimated between predicted and experimental values were significant (p < 0.05), presenting a high correlation (R 2 > 0.9907) and a low root mean square error for the prediction of phenolics (RMSE < 0.9437 mg GAE/g). The results of this study allow the design of efficient, economic and ecologically friendly extraction procedures in the industry for obtaining bioactive metabolites from avocado residues.

ResumenSe estudió la sustitución parcial de harina de trigo por torta extruida de sacha inchi (SI) en seis diferentes niveles para la elaboración de pan de molde. Evaluándose principalmente la composición química, propiedades reológicas, perfil de ácidos grasos, textura de la miga, color y evaluación sensorial. Se ha determinado que la incorporación de la torta extruida de SI en las formulaciones incrementó significativamente (p < 0,05) los niveles de cenizas, fibra, grasas y proteínas, asimismo disminuyó el contenido de carbohidratos. Las mejores propiedades reologicas de farinografía, amilografía y extensografía fueron obtenidas con la incorporación de 6,3 % de torta extruida de SI (p < 0,05), donde se destaca una retención de 3,33 % de ácido α-linolénico (ω-3), aumento de textura (61,39 mJ) y obscurecimiento en la miga (L* = 73,13, C* = 16,35, h° = 86,70). Finalmente, la evaluación sensorial revela que no existe diferencia significativa entre el control y la incorporación de 6,3% de torta extruida de SI en los panes de molde para los atributos de color, apariencia, aroma, sabor y textura (p < 0,05).Palabras clave: pan; torta extruida de sacha inchi; composición química; atributos sensoriales; propiedades reológicas. AbstractThe partial substitution of wheat flour for extruded cake of sacha inchi (SI) in six different levels for the elaboration of bread leaf was studied. Mainly evaluating the chemical composition, rheological properties, fatty acid profile, crumb texture, color and sensory evaluation. It has been determined that the incorporation of extruded cake of SI in the formulations significantly increased (p < 0.05) levels of ash, fiber, fat and protein, also decreased the carbohydrate content. The best rheological properties of farinography, amylography and extensography were obtained with the incorporation of 6.3% of SI extruded cake (p < 0.05), which highlights a retention of 3.33% of α-linolenic acid (ω-3), texture increase (61.39 mJ) and darkening in the crumb (L* = 73.13, C* = 16.35, h° = 86.70). Finally, the sensory evaluation reveals that there is no significant difference between the control and the incorporation of 6.3% of extruded cake of SI in the mold loaves for the attributes of color, appearance, aroma, flavor and texture (p < 0.05).