Purpose: The objective of this article is to evaluate to what extent Corporate Governance Statements (CGS) prepared by companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (GPW) are consistent with Best Practice for GPW Listed Companies. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the first part we applied critical review of subject literature and the monographic method. In the second part, the content analysis method was used, and the basic source material were the CGS for 2018 and 2019. The study group consisted of all WIG20, MWIG40 and sWIG80 companies listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange that submitted their 2018and 2019 reports (280 reports). The CGS were studied using methods including content analysis, comparative and descriptive analysis, and induction. Findings: The analysed CGS helped to answer the question to what extent GPW listed companies pursue the "comply or explain" principle regarding compliance with corporate governance principles and recommendations specified in Best Practice for GPW. The authors investigated whether and to what extent Best Practice is applied and whether the disclosures are useful for the stakeholders. The results indicate that the examined companies follow different approaches to the corporate governance reporting obligations. Practical Implications: Indicating the gap between the expected and the actual scope of disclosures regarding the corporate governance in CGS, which are the primary source of nonfinancial information for a listed company. Originality/value: The study leads to a general conclusion that the imperfect scope of the reported corporate governance information, as well as the quality and usefulness of the disclosures, consists both in the alignment between Best Practice for GPW Listed Companies and currently applicable regulations in Poland, and in the way, companies choose to follow the said document. The study fills a research gap in non-financial disclosures in annual reports. The paper also indicates directions for further study.

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the impact of the fixed asset investment on farms' productivity. The study adopted a research hypothesis according to which the increase of investment in fixed assets contributes to improved productivity of production factors in agriculture. Design/methodology/approach: The research was based on the Central Statistical Office data storage statistics and the study of reference books. The main source of information was the data from 4,803 farms, which consistently kept accounts within the Farm Accountancy Data Network system. The analyses were based on the productivity indicators in the researched farms. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used in the research. In addition to evaluating the effectiveness of the investment, there were used elements of marginal accounting. Findings: The Polish agricultural sector's investments after 2004 led to changes in the value and structure of agricultural holdings and supported the substitution of human labor with objectified labor. The studies have shown that an increase in the level of investment in agricultural holdings contributes to labor and land productivity growth. Moreover, the examined farms in the years 2005-2013 increased the productivity of capital equity, which indicates the development of farms. The increase in the investment outlays per unit of production factor contributed to increased investment efficiency. Practical Implications: The research results may be useful in economic practice in shaping investments in fixed assets in farms. They can also help to create an agricultural policy to support investment in agriculture. Originality/Value: The originality of the research consists of determining the impact of investments in fixed assets on the productivity of production factors in farms based on the Cobb-Douglas production function.

Research Objective The principal goals of this project are to develop advanced electrochemical emission spectroscopic (EES) methods for monitoring the corrosion of carbon steel in simulated DOE liquid waste and to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms of the corrosion of metals (e.g. iron, nickel, and chromium) and alloys (carbon steel, low alloy steels, stainless steels) in thes e environments. During the first two years of this project, significant advances have been made in developing a better understanding of the corrosion of iron in aqueous solutions as a function of pH, on developing a better understanding of the growth of passive films on metal surfaces, and on developing EES techniques for corrosion monitoring. This report summarizes work on beginning the third year of the 3-year project. Research Progress and Implications A new rate law for the growth of a passive film on a metal surface has been derived. The new law, which is based on the Point Defect Model (PDM) for the growth and breakdown of passive films [1], is found to account for the transient in thickness of the anodic film on tungsten in phosphate buffer, under voltage cycling, much more accurately than does the High Field Model. We have used tungsten, rather than iron, for this analysis, because the passive film on W is a pure oxygen vacancy conductor (for which the theory for thickness transients is currently developed) and because experimental data are available from our previous work [2]. The theory is currently being applied to iron, but the required experimental data were not available at the time of preparation of this report. The temporal change in thickness of the passive film on tungsten in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 1.5) as the potential is cycled from 10 V SCE to 6 V SCE and back to 10 V SCE is shown in Figure 1 [2]. The experimental data were calculated from measured capacitance data and by assuming that the film could be modeled as a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric constant of 35 [2]. However, the parallel plate model is not entirely appropriate, because a sharp drop occurs in the calculated "thickness" as the potential is stepped from 10 V SCE in the negative direction. We previously [2] attributed this sudden decrease in apparent thickness to an artifact associated with a change in the space charge capacitance, an interpretation that was confirmed by also monitoring the change in thickness using optical reflectance measurements (no sudden change in thickness was detected using this latter technique). Excellent agreement is obtained between theory and experiment, which further supports the validity of the Point Defect Model. Finally, it is important to note that the High Field Model, which has been used for more than seventy years to describe the growth of anodic oxide films on metals, is unable to account for any of the data shown in Figure 1. Although the passive state of iron has been extensively studied in the past, considerable disagreement exists as to the nature and composition of the passive fil...

The authors have analysed specialized literature concerning audit issues in hospitals analyzing data included in the MF reports for 2012-2019, presenting indicator values related to internal audits, their quality and efficiency. Findings: Studying the literature of the subject revealed that there is a research gap concerning evaluation of the efficiency of internal audits at hospitals. Practical Implications: The authors' analysis of MF reports of internal audit units in hospitals and the interpretation of the indicators contained in them enabled evaluation of the functioning of internal audits at analysed hospitals and determining their position compared to other entities from the research sample. Indicator values for hospitals vary from those obtained from other public sector units, as particular public finance sector units' function in various legal and organizational environments and vary in operational aims and specificity. Originality/Value: The results from the conducted analysis should be regarded as a starting point for more advanced evaluation studies of the functioning of internal audits in hospitals.