Advances in genomics, molecular pathology and metabolism have generated many candidate biomarkers of colorectal cancer with potential clinical value. Epidemiological and biological studies suggest a role for adiposity, dyslipidaemia, hyperinsulinemia, altered glucose homeostasis, and elevated expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis members in the risk and prognosis of cancer. This review discusses some recent past and current approaches being taken by researches in obesity and metabolic disorders. The authors describe three main systems as the most studied metabolic candidates of carcinogenesis: dyslipidemias, adipokines and insulin/IGF axis. However, each of these components is unsuccessful in defining the diseases risk and progression, while their co-occurrence increases cancer incidence and mortality in both men and women.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) found in the body comes from two sources: food consumed and lipid peroxidation occurring in the tissues. The formation of MDA and the scale and rate of lipid oxidation in the tissues of living organisms is influenced by a number of endo-and exogeneous factors. The products of lipid peroxidation, in particular MDA, exhibit cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. They can also inhibit enzymes associated with defending cells against oxidative stress. Not only do the occurring processes contribute to the development of many diseases, but they are also a part of the aging process. The body defends itself to some extent against the effects of free radicals by trapping and neutralising them. The main source of antioxidants is food products of plant origin. Lifestyle, the components of which are diet and physical activity, is an important element in preserving health understood as physical and psychological well-being. Dietary habits and a diet rich in antioxidants are modifiable factors which not only prevent age-associated diseases, but also delay aging processes. K E Y W O R D S lifestyle, free radicals, aging ST R ES ZCZ E NI E Dialdehyd malonowy (MDA) w organizmie człowieka pochodzi z dwóch źródeł: spożywanego pokarmu i peroksyda-cji lipidów występujących w tkankach. Powstawanie MDA, a także wielkość i szybkość utleniania lipidów w tkankach organizmów żywych, zależy od wielu czynników endo-i egzogennych. Produkty peroksydacji lipidów, szczególnie

Diabetes appears to be one of the most frequent noncommunicable diseases in the world. A permanent growth in the incidence of diabetes can be observed and according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) the year 2030 will mark the increase in the number of diabetics to 439 mln worldwide. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% of all diabetes incidence. Nutrition model modification not only features the basic element in type 2 diabetes treatment but also constitutes the fundamental factor influencing a morbidity rate decrease. Leguminous plants are a key factor in the diabetic diet; plants such as pulses or soybeans are nutritious products valued highly in nutrition. These legumes are high in the content of wholesome protein and contain large amounts of soluble alimentary fiber fractions, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, and bioactive substances with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. They are distinguished by the high amount of bioactive compounds that may interfere with the metabolism of glucose. The most significant bioactive compounds displaying antidiabetic activity in leguminous plants are as follows: genistein and daidzein, alpha-amylase inhibitors, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. In vitro research using leguminous plant extracts has confirmed their antidiabetic properties. Leguminous plants should be employed in the promotion of healthy lifestyles in terms of functional food.

BackgroundProviding the appropriate amount of nutrients at every stage of life is a key element determining the proper development and functioning of the body.ObjectiveBecause of the nutritional value and resulting position of milk and milk products in the daily diet, this study was undertaken to assess the consumption of milk and milk products among the inhabitants of the Upper Silesian agglomeration.DesignThe survey covered 600 people, including 339 women (56.5%) and 261 men (43.5%) aged 18–78 years. To assess the consumption of milk and milk products, as a research tool an original survey with the closed-ended and open-ended questions was used. The questions concerned the characteristics of the surveyed group and various aspects of the consumption of milk and milk products. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistica 10.0 program with a chi-square test for quality features.ResultsThe level of consumption of milk and milk products among the Upper Silesian agglomeration inhabitants is insufficient in relation to nutrition recommendations. However, despite many controversies surrounding milk, the respondents also claimed that it played an important role in their daily diet.ConclusionsThe most frequently consumed type of milk in the surveyed group is ultra heat treated (UHT) milk with average fat content.