Background: In primary care settings, back pain is the most prevalent complaint. Schoolteachers are at a higher risk of musculoskeletal issues.Several studies in Saudi Arabia have been looking into work-related musculoskeletal disorders, but the actual frequency and risks are unknown.Thus, this study's goal was to establish the incidence of back pain and its determinants among male schoolteachers in the Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology:In this cross-sectional study, male schools in Makkah were divided into seven categories using cluster sampling, and a validated back pain questionnaire was used. Results: A total of 380 participants responded, with a mean age of 44.23 and ±7.70 SD. A positive history of past back issues was found in 48.2 % of the participants. The majority of the participants reported working for 11 to 24 years, working fewer than 30 hours per week, standing for more than 30 minutes, sitting for less than 15 minutes, less than a 20-minute break, and sleeping for less than 6 hours. Except for sleep duration, none had a significant association with the back pain likelihood ratio. Having a master's degree, not having depression or sleep issues, number of classes, and job satisfaction were revealed a significant association. Conclusion:Overall, compared to prevalence rates recorded in other countries, this study demonstrates a high prevalence of back disability among male teachers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Practical preventives are recommended, and increased knowledge of occupational hazards. Teachers need to get health education to prevent back disability.

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is considered a high global disease burden; hence, the shortage of knowledge would lead to poor adherence to management and preventive measures and increase the exacerbation of AR symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors, and assess the knowledge and practices of the population regarding AR among the population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. MethodologyThis was an online survey cross-sectional study conducted in December 2022 via social media platforms (WhatsApp and Twitter) to collect data on participants' demographics, prevalence, risk factors, knowledge, and attitudes toward AR, using a validated Arabic version of a self-administered questionnaire. ResultsThe study involved 466 participants. Of the participants, 55.8% were aged 31 to 45 years, and 286 (61.4%) were females. The prevalence of AR among the participants was 45%. The most common symptoms were a blocked nose (79.6%), sneezing (74.2%), and a runny nose (71.5%). Furthermore, the prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis in this study was 56%. The most common inhalant allergen was house dust (73.0%). Only the age and history of asthma or eczema were significant factors associated with AR. Overall, most of the subjects (94.85%) had adequate knowledge regarding AR. ConclusionA high prevalence of AR was observed. Understanding the factors linked with AR is imperative to ensure better adherence to preventive management plans.

Background: Smoking behavior is a health threat to the world. It has a big influence on many diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of smoking among general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross sectional study has been conducted in September 2022 by posting an online survey on social media platforms (WhatsApp, Twitter) to collect data on participants' demographics, smoking behaviors and determinants using a validated Arabic version of a subcategory questions from the global adult tobacco survey (GATS). Results: A total of 996 participants responded, with the age 16-30 years old predominance (N=647, 65%). The prevalence of smoking was (N=340, 34.1%). There was an increased risk for tobacco smoking among participants with male gender (OR=3.68), low income (OR=2.77), government employee (OR=1.25), who experienced domestic violence or neglect (OR=2.54) and who had smoking friends (OR=2.14). Conclusion: A high prevalence of smokers was noticed.Understanding the factors associated with the smoking are crucial to design tobacco prevention and control programs. The health authority should take urgent measures to encounter this major issue.