Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, but it is now clear that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a central role in its pathogenesis. Ellagic acid (EA) has a variety of biological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of ellagic acid on the prevention and/or treatment of adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) model in mice. Ellagic acid treatment was started one week before AIA induction and continued for three weeks after induction of AIA. Ellagic acid treatment significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited foot paw oedematous swelling and attenuated AIA-associated pathology. Ellagic acid significantly (p < 0.01) reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 17 (IL-17). However, serum levels of IL-10 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) significantly increased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), while serum level of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) did not significantly alter with EA treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that EA attenuated AIA-associated pathology in the mouse model by downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disorder triggered by autoimmune reactions and related with chronic inflammation and severe disability. Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) have shown a hopeful immunomodulatory effect towards repairing cartilage and restoring joint function. Additionally, indomethacin (IMC), a nonsteroidal compound, has been considered as a potent therapeutic agent that exhibits significant antipyretic properties and analgesic effects. The target of the current research is to assess the antiarthritic efficacy of BM-MSCs (106 cells/rat at 1, 6, 12 and 18 days) and IMC (2 mg/kg body weight/day for 3 weeks) either alone or concurrently administered against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Changes in paw volume, body weight, gross lesions, and antioxidant defense system, as well as oxidative stress, were assessed. The Th1 cytokine (IL-1β) serum level and Th2 cytokine (IL-4) and Nrf-2 ankle joint expression were detected. In comparison to normal rats, it was found that the CFA-induced arthritic rats exhibited significant leukocytosis and increase in paw volume, LPO level, RF, and IL-1β serum levels. In parallel, arthritic rats that received BM-MSCs and/or IMC efficiently exhibited decrease in paw edema, leukocytosis, and enhancement in the antioxidant enzymatic levels of SOD, GPx, GST, and GSH in serum besides upregulation of Nrf-2 and anti-inflammatory IL-4 expression levels in the ankle articular joint. Likewise, these analyses were more evidenced by the histopathological sections and histological score. The data also revealed that the combined administration of BM-MSC and IMC was more potent in suppressing inflammation and enhancing the anti-inflammatory pathway than each agent alone. Thus, it can be concluded that the combined therapy with BM-MSC and IMC may be used as a promising therapeutic choice after assessing their efficacy and safety in human beings with RA, and the antiarthritic effects may be mediated via modulatory effects on Th1/Th2 cytokines, ozidative stress, and Nrf-2.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a prevalent virus worldwide and is mainly associated with respiratory disorders. Recently, it was detected in several disease conditions, including cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third main cause of cancers worldwide. Risk factors that initiate cell transformation include nutritional, hereditary and infectious causes. The aim of the current study was to screen for the presence of HBoV in solid tumors of colorectal cancer and to determine the genotypes of the detected strains. Surgically excised and paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer tissue specimens from 101 male and female patients with and without metastasis were collected over the last four years. Pathological analysis and tumor stages were determined. The presence of HBoV was screened by polymerase chain reaction, and the genotype of the detected HBoV was determined by direct gene sequencing. Most of the examined specimens were adenocarcinoma with mucinous activity in many of them. Twenty-four out of 101 (23.8 %) CRC tissue specimens were found to contain HBoV-1. Low sequence diversity was recorded in the detected strains. The virus was detected in both male and female patients with an age range of 30-75 years. It is proposed that HBoV-1 could play a potential role in the induction of CRC.

Co-administration of Pioglitazone + telmisartan sig decrease insulin, urea and creat compared to telmisartan alone. Combined telmisartan plus pioglitazone allow better control of BP, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and the amelioration of BW increase that may be associated with pioglitazone treatment.