No abstract

Communication technologies have drastically increased the number of wireless networks. Heterogeneous networks have now become an indispensable fact while designing the new networks and the way the data packet moves from device to device opens new challenges for transmitting the packet speedily, with maximum throughput and by consuming only confined energy. Therefore, the present study intends to provide a shrewd communication link among all IoT devices that becomes part of numerous heterogeneous networks. The scrumptious dataflow strategy (SDS) for IoT devices in the heterogeneous network environment is proposed and it would deal with all link selection and dataflow challenges. The SDS would accomplish the targeted output in five steps: Step 1 determines the utility rate of each heterogeneous link. Step 2 develops a link selection attribute (LSA) that gauges the loads of network features used for the link selection process. Step 3 calculates the scores of all heterogeneous networks. Step 4 takes the LSA table and computes the network preference for different scenarios, such as round trip time (RTTP), network throughput, and energy consumption. Step 5 sets the priority of heterogeneous networks based on the scores of network attributes. Performance of the proposed SDS mechanism with state of the art network protocols, such as high-speed packet access (HSPA), content-centric networking (CCN), and dynamic source routing (DSR), was determined by conducting a simulation with NS2 and, consequently, the SDS exhibited its shrewd performance. During comparative analysis, in terms of round trip time, the SDS proved that it utilized only 16.4 milliseconds to reach IoT device 50 and was first among all other protocols. Similarly, for network throughput, at IoT device 50, the throughputs of the SDS are recorded at 40% while the rest of other protocols were dead. Finally, while computing the energy consumption used to reach IoT device 50, the SDS was functional and possessed more than half of its energy compared to the other protocols. The SDS only utilized 302 joules while the rest of the protocols were about to die as they had consumed all of their energy.

Nowadays, the electrical system is more complicated duet to the continuous growing. Power losses is the biggest challenges for distribution network operators. There are several causes for technical losses. Losses caused by unbalanced phase current are one of the main reasons which can be minimized by small investment through dedicating a technical line staff. As a result of connecting many single loads to three phase four wire power supplies, the current flowing in each phase will be unequal and accordingly there will be a current flowing in the neutral wire. Unbalancing currents in phases can lead to increase the conductor temperature and accordingly the conductor resistance is higher which contribute to increase the power losses. Loss reduction can lead to enormous utility saving. Besides, it increases system capacity and save more money which can be used later for future planted system. This study concentrated on the amount of copper losses in distribution networks as a result of unequal loading of the three phases four wires network. The distribution network is more efficient and more economic assuming that the right procedure is applied to balance the distribution system and achieve the required calculations which require a little investment.