No abstract

Aging is a universal process with progressive loss of function accompanied by decreasing fertility and increasing mortality and disability. There are several mechanisms to underlie the primary aging process and probably contribute to agerelated changes in adaptive responses. These mechanisms are oxidative stress, mitochondrial theory, telomeres and cellular senescence, apoptosis and genetic mechanism. There are many physiological changes with aging process including blood pressure, temperature, fever, and composition of body fluids. Age-related changes in bioavailability may be secondary to changes in absorption or gut wall and hepatic metabolism. The stomach lining's capacity to resist damage decreases with age due to alteration of the gastric defense mechanisms and decreased mucosal blood flow. Normal aging is associated with agerelated changes in motor function of the various parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as transit time and gastric emptying. The incidence of many gastrointestinal dysfunctions increases with advancing age that is associated with alterations in the structural and functional integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. The structural changes include mucosa, muscular coat and blood flow. The clinical significance of functional and structural gastric changes may all impact upon gastrointestinal adverse effects and how older people tolerate medicines. Understanding how the upper gastrointestinal tract changes with advancing age could allow interventions that lead to more appropriate prescribing for older people, potentially reduce adverse effects, increase compliance with treatment regimens, and may allow older people to take medications that they would not otherwise tolerate.

Introduction: Neo-umbilicus construction is usually needed post abdominoplasty and in some techniques the umbilicus needs resection after repeated abdominoplasty. There are many techniques for umbilical reconstruction and the common objective of all these techniques is to create a new umbilicus that looks natural in terms of location, size and depth. The author in this study described a new and simple technique for umbilical reconstruction. Patients and methods: The present study included 50 cases who were subjected to abdominoplasty and neo-umbilicoplasty in Crimean Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsk Russia in department of general and gastrointestinal surgery. The study started from January 2010 to may 2015. End points: The primary end point of the study was the aesthetic appearance of the new umbilicus and the second end point was patient satisfaction of the operative outcome. Results: Over 50 cases of abdominoplasty we performed reconstruction of the umbilicus with a new and simple technique. There were 40 females and 10 males with age ranging from 28 to 52 years with the mean value as 40 ± 7.35 years. Conclusion: The technique for reconstruction of the umbilicus presented in the present study is a simple technique without complications, with long term success and good aesthetic appearance The new constructed umbilicus exhibits appropriate features of both depth and size and avoids the appearance of scarring and secondary stenosis.

Introduction: Umbilicus construction is usually needed post umbilical or Para umbilical hernia repair and in some techniques the umbilicus needs reconstruction after exploratory laparotomy. There are many techniques for umbilical reconstruction and the common objective of all these techniques is to mention umbilicus that looks natural in terms of location, size and depth. And avoid ischemic necrosis of the edges of the umbilicus flap. The author in this study described a new and simple technique for umbilical reconstruction. Patients and methods: The present study included 50 cases who were subjected to anterior abdominal wall incision (umbilical, Para umbilical or midline incision) Crimean Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsk Russia in department of general and gastrointestinal surgery. The study started from January 2012 to may 2015. End points: The primary end point of the study was the aesthetic appearance of the new umbilicus and the second end point was patient satisfaction of the operative outcome. Results: Over 50 cases of midline abdominal incision we performed reconstruction of the umbilicus with a new and simple technique. There were 40 females and 10 males with age ranging from 28 to 52 years with the mean value as 40 ± 7.35 years. Conclusion: The technique for reconstruction of the umbilicus presented in the present study is a simple technique without complications, with long term success and good aesthetic appearance. The new constructed umbilicus exhibits appropriate features of both depth and size and avoids the appearance of scarring and secondary stenosis or necrosis.

No abstract