Two field experiments were conducted in 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 cropping season, at the Experimental Farm of Heliopolis Univ., El-Sharqea Governorate, Egypt, in cooperation with the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University to study the influence of licorice aqueous extract at 0, 10, 20, and 40 g/l concentrations and Moringa ethanol extract at 0, 50, and 100 g/l concentrations and their interaction on essential oil content, essential oil composition, and chemical constituents of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) under sandy soil conditions, in a split plots design of 12 treatments with three replications for each treatment. The main plots were the concentrations of licorice aqueous extract, the subplots were the concentrations of Moringa ethanol extract. The results demonstrated that treating ajwain plants by spraying with the licorice aqueous extract at 40 g/l and Moringa ethanol extract at 100 g/l (L3 × M2) scored the highest values of the essential oil percent, oil yield/plant, and oil yield/fed. The same treatment (L3 × M2) was recorded the greatest values of the content of the pigment (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid), also treating ajwain plants by the same treatment was given the highest carbohydrate in the two seasons. However, ajwain plants sprayed with licorice aqueous extract at 0.0 g/l or Moringa ethanol extract at 0.0 g/l (L0 × M0) lead to the lowest values of all the above-mentioned traits. In general, the main chemical constituents of ajwain essential oil were γ-terpinene, followed by thymol and p-cymene, along with α-and β-pinenes, αthujene, myrcene, and Limonene.

No abstract

to study the effects of spraying with some growth substances (kinetin, salicylic acid, calcium thiosulfate and potassium silicate) and chemical fertilization (N.P.K) as well as their combinations on flowering and some chemical constituents of Matthiola incana L. plants to enhance flowering quality for gardens bed ornamentation. The obtained results showed that spraying plants with 100 ppm kinetin in addition to NPK fertilization at the highest level (100 N: 200 P: 200 K kg/fed) resulted in the highest values in both seasons in case of fresh and dry weights of inflorescence and flowering portion, length and diameter of the flowering portion, number, diameter and fresh weight of florets, flowering duration, leaf total chlorophylls and total indoles content. This treatment, on the other hand, recorded the lowest values of leaves total phenols content. Conclusively, it is recommended to spray Matthiola incana L. plants with kinetin at 100 ppm supplemented with NPK chemical fertilization at 100 N: 200 P: 200 K kg/fed to obtain the best flowering quality for export.

The present study was carried out at El-Sheikh Zowaid Research Station , Desert Research Center, North Sinai Governorate, during the two successive seasons of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The objective of this work was to study the effect of sowing date, applying of chemical, bio and organic fertilizers on the vegetative growth and essential oil productivity of Foeniculum vulgare var. panmorium Mill .( Indian fennel type). The highest values of vegetative growth measurements were obtained with treatment F5 (100% recommended dose+compost (CM) + biofertilizer) which produced the tallest plants, the heaviest fresh and dry weights of herb/plant as compared to other fertilization treatments. The early sowing date (7 th October) proved to be the most effective one for producing the best vegetative growth in comparison with the other sowing dates. In addition, the highest number of umbels /plant, fruit yield/ plant (g) and per feddan (ton) and weight of 1000 fruits (g) were recorded by using the treatment F5 (100% recommended dose+compost (CM) + biofertilizer). The highest oil percentage was due to fertilization treatment F4 (biofertilizer +5 ton compost/fed). Whereas, the highest oil yield/plant was obtained from F5 treatment (100%recommended dose) + compost (CM) + biofertilizer. Delaying planting date from 7 th Oct to 7 th Nov decreased both oil percentage and oil yield/plant. The highest values belonged to the early sowing date of 7 th October. Moreover, the highest leaf N, P and P contents were gained with the treatment of F5 (100%recommended dose) + compost (CM) + biofertilizer in both seasons. The main detected component was trans-anethole which is considered an important constituent, followed descendingly by fenchone then estragole. There are other major components including limonene and ,α-pinene that were found in the tested oil. Delaying sowing date decreased anethol content in the volatile oil. Fenchone percentage in the fennel volatile oil was generally increased with delaying sowing date, and also methyl-chavicol (estragole) was higher in delayed dates, while limonene and ρ-cymene recorded the least value with the late sowing date of 7 th November.A dose of (400kg per fed) ammonium sulphate (20.5%N) + super phosphorus, at the rate of 300 kg calcium super-phosphate (16 % P 2 O 5 ) per feddan +Potassium sulfate, at the rate of 100 kg potassium sulfate (48 % K 2 O) per feddan was recommnded.

A field experiment was carried out during two successive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in the Floriculture Farm of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt to study the effects of spraying some growth substances (kinetin, salicylic acid, calcium thiosulfate and potassium silicate as well as, N.P.K chemical fertilization) on vegetative growth and chemical composition of Matthiola incana plants to increase and improve the quality of this plant as a bed gardens ornamentation. The obtained results showed that the tallest plants and the thickest plant stems were recorded by 100 ppm kinetin combined with NPK fertilization at high level treatment in both seasons. The heaviest fresh and dry weights of leaves/plant were recorded by 100 ppm kinetin-sprayed plants enriched with NPK fertilization at the highest level in both seasons. The highest number of branches and leaves/plant were recorded by 100 ppm kinetin-sprayed plants combined with NPK fertilization at high level in both seasons. The highest leaf N and total carbohydrates % were recorded by 100 ppm kinetin-sprayed plants provided with NPK fertilization at the highest level, whereas the richest leaf P % was registered by 200 ppm salicylic-sprayed plants combined with NPK fertilization at the highest level. While, the greatest leaf K % was scored by 6 cm 3 potassium silicate-sprayed plants, supplemented with NPK fertilization at the highest level in both seasons. Conclusively, spraying Matthiola incana plants with kinetin at 100 ppm in addition to chemical fertilizer at 100 N: 200 P: 200 K kg/fed produced the best vegetative growth and quality of this plant.