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Background: Global evidence that the first 1000 days of a child"s life found to be the most precious period of child"s nutrition status development, where the impact of malnutrition during this critical period are likely to have a long term consequences which might be irreversible. Considering Mothers are mainly the caregiver of their children, sufficient maternal nutrition knowledge is essential for a healthy child with normal nutrition status and free of malnutrition. The study aimed to assess the level of nutritional knowledge and its predictors for mothers with children aged 0-24 months. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 288 conveniently recruited mothers-having children aged between 0-24 months-attending an urban primary health care center in Giza. Maternal nutrition literacy was assessed using an interview guided questionnaire. Maternal total nutrition knowledge score was calculated for each participant, out of 20. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and spearman"s correlation non-parametric tests were used to delineate associations between different variables and the total Knowledge score. Results:The mean and standard deviation of maternal total knowledge score was 13.31 ± 2.29. There was a significant statistical relation (P ≤ 0.05) between each of the following; mothers" education, mothers" occupation, mothers" residence and maternal nutritional knowledge score. A weak negative statistical significant correlation between number of mothers' children and their nutritional knowledge score was found, whereas no statistical significant correlation between mothers" age and their nutritional knowledge level was detected. A significant multiple regression model was found with adjusted R square =27.1% &p value of 0.001. Selected variables by the model were: University level of mother"s education in relation to nonuniversity level with (standardized  = 0.48, p-value = 0.000), maternal occupation whether working in relation to non-working mothers (standardized  = 0.40, pvalue = 0.000) and Number of children with (standardized  = -0.11, p-value = 0.039). Conclusion :The participating mothers possessed a reasonable level of knowledge regarding different aspects of child healthy nutrition. Maternal nutrition knowledge scores were higher among university graduate mothers, among mothers living in higher socio-economic class and amongst mothers having less number of children.

BACKGROUND: Since the declaration of the World Health Organization of the coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) as a pandemic, several countries have locked down and quarantined their residents with restrictive procedures to control spread of the disease. Due to pandemic related stressors, concerns and worries have developed regarding negative psychological impact on the mental well-being of the general population, particularly those known to have higher levels of psychological impairment with high vulnerability to mental health diseases such as medical students. AIM: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported depression and to explore its predictors during the period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 first lock down among medical students. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted at Kasr Alainy Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, in June 2020. A simple random sample was picked of one subgroup of 4th year medical students (No. = 300) at faculty of medicine during the academic year 2019–2020. Self-administered questionnaires including Beck’s Depression Inventory scoring were distributed using Google form through communication social media such as WhatsApp. RESULTS: Out of the 300 participants, 238 responses were received with response rate 79.3%. Results indicated that 38.2% of the respondents were experiencing depression with different degrees with Beck’s Depression Inventory mean scores was 19.4 ± 11.6. Multiple logistic regression analysis point out that gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4 and p = 0.022) and “Good” grade level of academic performance (OR = 7.2 and p = 0.045) are significant predictors for developing depression among the participating medical students. CONCLUSION: A significantly high prevalence of depression is detected among medical students during the first wave of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. The prevalence of depression is more among females than males and more with medical students achieving “Good” grade level.

BACKGROUND: Since first confirmed case of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 in December 2019 by Chinese health authorities and subsequent World Health Organization (WHO) declaration that COVID-19 is a global public health crisis, radical changes have occurred all over the world associating massive lockdown with increased numbers of infected cases and related mortalities. As health care workers (HCWs) are at a great risk to get COVID-19 infection and hence can be a dangerous source of spreading it to the community, it was important to assess HCWs knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) to help limit the outcomes of COVID-19. AIM: The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians regarding COVID-19 IPC. METHODS: Research setting is “Kasr Al-Ainy” Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Hospital. Design: A cross-sectional analytical observational hospital-based research in June 2020. Population: A convenient sample of 50 physicians working at Cairo University Hospital was included. Data collection: Self-administered questionnaires derived from the WHO IPC guide during health care when COVID-19 is suspected were used. RESULTS: Mean age of studied group was 30.5 ± 3.97, while their mean years of practice were 4.7 ± 3.55. Mean knowledge score among physicians was 5.6 (± 0.56), two-thirds of them had sufficient knowledge regarding COVID-19 IPC as their mean attitude score among 24.9 (± 2.8). While mean practice scores 5.6 (± 1.05), yet only 68% of the participating physicians use a new set of personal protective equipment when care is given to a different patient. CONCLUSION: Physician’s moderate knowledge, poor attitude, and modest practice toward COVID-19 IPC were found to be not sufficient, not favorable nor safe enough to expected standards.

Background: In Egypt, primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) often work in challenging situations and in relative isolation from the health system and specialists' experiences. Supervision is currently applied by PHCWs to present practice, control and upgrade knowledge and skills. Objectives: To assess the current supervision system in the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) at the central, governorate, district, and primary healthcare (PHC) facility levels. Methods: The research setting is the MOHP-PHC head quarter (HQ) and five governorates. Design: Cross-sectional analytical observational health system research qualitative and quantitative study of Egyptian health service and operations. Sampling: The multistage sampling technique was used to select districts (n ¼ 25) units (n ¼ 250), physicians (n ¼ 250), and nurses (n ¼ 250) from five randomly selected governorates that represent four Egypt regions. Data collection: Focus group discussions (FGDs) and selfadministered questionnaires. Results: Response rate to questionnaires were in total 73% (67% for physicians and 80% for nurses). FGDs demonstrated that PHC has an effective supervision system at central, governorate, and district levels. The effective supervision allowed overcoming barriers related to the shortage in PHCWs needed to cover 5364 PHC units in addition to mobile clinics. Supervisors use a standardized