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INTRODUCTIONA diagnosis of breast cancer regardless of the stage can be stressful, impact multiple spheres of life, and disrupt physical status, emotional and spiritual well-being, and personal relationships for the patient and family. In order to adapt, the patient ought to employ certain coping mechanisms. Individuals with terminal illness who utilize coping strategies have better quality of life compared to those who do not.PATIENTS AND METHODSThis study aimed to determine the strategies used by females with breast cancer to cope with such stress by using Brief COPE scale and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The study included 56 female patients diagnosed with operable breast cancer at Mansoura Oncology Center before surgery.RESULTSLarge proportion of patients used acceptance, religion, and emotional support in coping with the stress of having breast cancer. Patients with depressive symptoms scored significantly higher venting while those with anxiety scored higher positive reframing, planning, and venting.CONCLUSIONEfforts should be made to encourage women with breast cancer to use coping strategies that have been found to be helpful (eg, acceptance, emotional support, distraction, and active coping strategies).

Background: Although there is a strong association between enuresis and psychopathology, little is known about the prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders. We investigate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with enuresis and study the impact on child behavior, self-esteem, and different EEG findings. A total number of one hundred 6 to 12 years old children diagnosed as functional enuresis taken from specialized university setting for enuresis at Mansoura Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, in which they could be subdivided into 2 groups after assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); according to DSM-IV criteria, we also compare them with a third ADHD group taken from Mansoura Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic n = 40 to match the co-morbid "enuresis with ADHD" group. All were subjected to a diagnostic interview conducted and completed with parents and developmental and family history as well, also they subjected to Conner's parent rating scale-93(CPRS-93), Rosenberg self-esteem assessment scale, and EEG examination. Results: There was high prevalence of ADHD in our study with about 40% in children with enuresis especially who met the DSM-IV criteria of inattention attending a specialized setting for enuresis at Mansoura Pediatric Outpatient Clinic which is a tertiary setting where the older the children of enuresis, the higher the prevalence of ADHD, also there is a relationship between abnormal epileptiform discharge in EEG finding and enuresis as same as ADHD which became greatly increased in the children who had both disorders who was the most affected group as regard behavioral problems and lowered self-esteem levels. Conclusions: The strong association between ADHD and enuresis suggests that the presence of enuresis should motivate diagnostic assessment of ADHD especially the inattentive subtype. Abnormal EEG finding in the form of generalized slow and sharp waves may be useful as a predictor for the presence of ADHD in children with enuresis. Also, the co-morbidity increases the negative impact on child behavior and self-esteem.

BACKGROUND: In the wake of the adverse situation we are currently facing globally due to the coronavirus pandemic outbreak, it is normal to feel stressed, confused, and scared but what is abnormal is to turn this to panic. Phobias are more pronounced than fears. They develop when a person has an exaggerated or unrealistic sense of danger that may be evolved to experience panic attacks. AIM: Our objective was to identify the prevalence of most common phobias as well as panic disorder (PD) due to the coronavirus pandemic among Egyptian primary schoolchildren and their determinants. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2015 schoolchildren from 3 to 6 grades in three governorates of Egypt. Seven types of phobias were investigated: Agoraphobia, phobias from darkness, animal, untreatable illness (mainly coronavirus), insects, height, and social phobia. The child’s self-reported PD symptoms were assessed using DSM-IV with psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS: Almost two-thirds of the surveyed primary schoolchildren have phobias of the low score (<9) versus one-third who had high phobias score (61.% vs. 35%, respectively) with highly significant difference (p < 0.001). The most prevalent phobias were from heights (66.5%) followed by darkness (60.0%). The important predictors of phobias were: Being a male child, living in an urban area, and studying at governmental school at fifth or sixth-grade residence. The prevalence of PD due to the corona epidemic is very high, it is reported by almost half of the surveyed primary schoolchildren. Fear of losing any of their family members, especially grandparents, was reported to be the highest PD symptom (97%). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Phobia from heights and darkness was the most common. The prevalence of PD due to the coronavirus epidemic is reported to be very high. Calming down children who might be experienced with a phobia that is triggering their PD is recommended.

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