Context: Nurses are the primary anchorpersons of triage in emergency departments. Triage nurse should have the proper education and proficiency in emergency triage, decision making, and emergency nursing care. Training on triage is an integral part of emergency nursing education. Poor performance and lack of education are well documented in the literature. Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the effect of triage education on emergency nurses’ performance in diverse emergency departments. methods: Quasi-experimental (pre, post-test design) used to achieve the aim of this study. A purposive sample of one hundred fifty emergency nurses worked at pediatric, Obstetric, and adult emergency departments affiliated to three major governmental hospitals in Beni-Suef Governorate. Assessment of the nurses’ knowledge, practice, and attitude have been done using a self-administered questionnaire, triage competencies observational checklist, and nurses’ attitude measuring scale. Results: The study revealed poor nurses’ triage knowledge, practice, and negative attitude for the studied nurses before triage education, compared to a significant improvement after triage educational program, with a statistically significant difference among the three-implementation phases (pre, post, and one month follow up). Conclusion: The nurses who are subjected to triage education improved in their knowledge, practice, and attitude at the post-intervention evaluation compared to their pre-intervention level, which sustained after one month follow up. These findings support the study hypotheses. Based on these findings, the study recommended the publication and dissemination of the triage educational program. Besides, fostering and sustaining the improvements in practices regarding triage in ED through the orientation of new nurses, on the job training, and continuous education.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) with non-LLLT as an adjunct to mechanical debridement in patients who develop gingival inflammation during fixed orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty subjects undergoing comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated. Split mouth design was applied for each patient, where the four quadrants were randomly allocated to receive full mouth debridement. The test group (quadrant) received three laser sessions (days 1, 3, and 5) besides debridement while the control group (quadrant) received debridement only. Both bleeding index (BI) and plaque index (PI) were measured after 1 and 3 months, while the total colony forming units (CFU) were measured after 2 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: Clinical assessments (BI and PI) showed a statistically significant decrease at the first follow-up (after 1 month) and a slight increase in the second (after 3 months) that did not reach the base line. While, the total CFU showed a significant decrease in both follow-ups. CONCLUSION: Laser showed superior results in the treatment of gingival inflammation induced by fixed orthodontic appliances other than debridement only.

Spinal anesthesia provides excellent outcome for surgeries below the umbilicus like varicose veins surgery. Unfortunately, spinal anesthesia has complications such as Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH). Conservative treatments of PDPH include vasoconstrictors such as caffeine that found in coffee. The nurse observes patients for post spinal anesthesia complications especially Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) and gives appropriate nursing interventions. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Aim: to determine effect of coffee consumption on the incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache among patients receiving spinal anesthesia. Hypothesis of the study: Postoperative patients who consume coffee exhibit less incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache than who don't consume it. Setting: The study was carried out in Main University Hospital, Alexandria. Egypt. Subjects: The sample of the study consisted of a convenience sample of 60 postoperative patients (had varicose veins surgery) received spinal anesthesia. They were divided randomly into 2 equal groups, control and study (coffee) groups. Tool: Postoperative Headache Assessment Sheet was used in order to collect data. It included four parts: Part I: Bio-socio demographic data, Part II: Headache diagnosis, Part III: Headache assessment items, and Part IV: Assessment of needing for analgesics. Results: The chief result in this study was that the incidence of PDPH is less in coffee group than in the control group with statistical significant differences between both groups (P= (0.001*, 0.020*, 0.020*, 0.038*) after 4 hours, first, second, and third days, respectively. Conclusion: The study hypothesis was accepted as incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache is decreased in postoperative patients who consumed coffee than in those who don't consume it. Recommendation: Replicate this study among different samples (age, sex, diagnosis, type of operation).

Context: Thyroidectomy is a type of surgery directed to remove all or part of the thyroid gland. Documented complications after thyroidectomy are rare, but their consequences can often be life-threatening. Patients who receive perioperative instructions about what to expect after the operation often have better coping with postoperative discomforts minimizes post-surgical complications and reduces the duration of hospitalization. It also improves patient safety and reduces the anxiety induced by the intervention. In addition to this, it elevates the patient's satisfaction level. So, perioperative instructions are essential. Aim: The present study aims to determine the effect of perioperative instructions on postoperative discomforts and satisfaction levels among patients undergoing thyroidectomy. The study hypothesized that postoperative patients who receive the perioperative instructions exhibit fewer discomforts and more satisfaction than those who do not. Methods: The study utilize a quasi-experimental (study/control group) design. It was conducted at the Head and Neck Surgical Department of Alexandria Main University Hospital.  A convenience sample included 70 adult patients were selected from the setting mentioned above who have enrolled either study or control groups, 35 patients, for each. Three tools were used for data collection. A structured interview questionnaire aimed to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and clinical data of the study subjects. Discomfort assessment scale to rate the patient's level of discomfort against six common postoperative problems. Perioperative instructions patients’ satisfaction questionnaire developed to determine the patients' ′ satisfaction level regarding perioperative instructions. Results: There were statistically significant differences among the study and control groups in the first, second, and third weeks regarding total discomfort score level, where t=3.606, p=<0.001; t=3.049, p=<0.001; t=21.213, p=<0.001respectively. The studied patients had higher level of satisfaction compared to those in the control group with statistically significant differences regarding overall scores of satisfaction, and with preoperative instruction, postoperative instruction, and psychological preparation, where t=48.382, p=<0.001; t=6.023, p=<0.001; t=27.997, p=<0.001; t=32.939, p=<0.001respectively. Conclusion: The study hypotheses were accepted as postoperative patients who receive perioperative instructions exhibit less discomfort and a more satisfying level than those who do not. The perioperative instructions should be applied to the care of patients undergoing thyroidectomy to decrease patients' discomfort and increase their satisfaction level.