No abstract

Considerable research attention has been devoted to developing and using condition-specific instruments to evaluate Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in clinical research. 1 Such measures are important in providing information on the impact of conditions and the extent and nature of treatment needs, in order to inform clinical decisions and assist in evaluating interventions and services. 2 A number of instruments have been developed to assess children's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The most commonly used of these is the Child Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (COHQoL) questionnaire, which is a set of scales assessing the impact of oral and orofacial conditions on the day-to-day

No abstract

Background: Measuring oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a person-centered approach to investigating oral health. Proxy reports by parents or caregivers were used for assessing children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for decades. Using appropriate questionnaire techniques, it has become possible to get valid and reliable information from children about 8 years of age. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the OHRQoL of 8–10-year-old Libyan schoolchildren from viewpoints of both the children and their parents, in order to evaluate the concordance between child and parent ratings. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a representative sample of 303 8–10-year-old Libyan schoolchildren. Data were collected using Arabic versions of the Child Perception Questionnaire for 8–10-year-old children (CPQ8–10) and the Parent-caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ8). Participants were examined for both traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and dental caries. Questions about the mother's and father's educational levels and current occupations were also asked, along with information on the child's age and sex. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The alpha value was 0.05. Results: The mean CPQ8–10 score was 3.5 ± 4.2 (range: 0–18) overall, and those who had had caries experience or a TDI had higher CPQ8–10 scores, on average. The mean P-CPQ8 score was 7.5 ± 5.4 (range 0–27), and there were no apparent differences by parental education or employment status. The association between child and parental ratings of the children's OHRQoL was weak. The parents overestimated OHRQoL relative to their children's self-assessments. Conclusions: There is relatively low agreement between Libyan children and parents in their responses to OHRQoL scales, particularly in cases where that impact is greater. Where possible, if the aim is to obtain a more complete picture of the impact of a child's oral state on his/her life, both child and parental reports should be used.

Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal and the most electronegative element. It almost never occurs in nature in its elemental state, it combines with all elements, except oxygen and the noble gases, to form fluorides. A human can obtain fluoride (F) from air, drinking water and food. The metabolism of F is constituted of the following processes; absorption: secretion: distribution: and excretion. A distinction is made between F that is ingested systemically and that is applied topically. Nevertheless, as seen by Murray and Naylor 1996, such distinctions are not helpful since all methods of F delivery can have both systemic and topical effects. F has made a great contribution in declining dental caries prevalence since the discovery of its anti-caries effect in 1938 by Dr Trendly Dean. Prolonged use of F at recommended levels does not produce harmful physiological effects in human. However, like every chemical, there are safe limits for F ingestion beyond which harmful effects occur. At excessive exposure levels, ingestion of F causes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and manifestations such as gastrointestinal, neurological, and urinary problems. These effects can be classified as acute toxicity and chronic toxicity.