Background: With continuous debate, regarding which are more effective in managements of the temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), CAD/CAM or conventionally made occlusal splint, this study aimed to answer the following question "does the CAD/CAM occlusal splints have different effect regard to patient satisfaction, muscle activity, and time of adjustments when compared with conventional splints?" Materials and Methods: A sample of 30 TMD patients, with a mean age of 30.2 years were randomly allocated into Groups 1 (CAD/CAM splint 15 patients) and 2 (conventional splint 15 patients). The research diagnostic criteria for TMD were used for TMD Axis I (Groups II disc displacement with reduction). Numeric scales (TMD/NS, 10 cm) were used to measure headaches, face pain, jaw joint pain, jaw joint noises, mastication pain, neck pain, face tension, limitation of mouth opening, complaints during mastication, and teeth sensitivity at baseline and then monthly for 3 months. Electromyography was used to measure the muscle activity of masseter and temporalis muscles at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. The time needed for adjustment of splint from the beginning of splint insertion until became well fitted and occlusally adjusted was calculated using stopwatch (minutes). Results: TMD/NS showed statistically significant improvement in CAD/CAM splint group when compared to conventional splint after 1 and 3 months P = 0.001 and < 0.0001, respectively. There was highly statistical significant less time required for adjustment for the CAD\CAM occlusal splints when compared to the conventional occlusal splints (P < 0.0001). Conclusion:The CAD/CAM occlusal splints significantly require less time of adjustment and improve the patient's satisfaction of TMD patients greater than that of conventional occlusal splint. However, both splints are similar in regard to improvements of the muscle activities.

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Background: Recently, an exceptional increase was witnessed in cell phone users. The brain has greater exposure to the electromagnetic field (EMF) created during mobile phone use than the rest of the body, which may impair its function. In persons with epilepsy, the brain has more tendencies towards electrical instability. Objectives: The current study aims at investigating the effect of mobile phone radiation (MPR) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of persons with epilepsy as well as healthy adults. Subjects and methods: Thirty patients with idiopathic epilepsy and 30 matching controls underwent EEG recording including 15 min of sham exposure followed by 30 min of real exposure to MPR and a final postexposure recording for extra 15 min. The number of abnormal EEG events was counted during sham and real exposure for each subject. Correlation analysis was done between the number of epileptic events detected during the real exposure to MPR and the patients' clinical data Results: In the control group, the EEG under real MPR exposure showed no abnormal discharges. In persons with epilepsy, all those with abnormal EEG during sham exposure MPR (33%) showed an increase in the number of events with real exposure to MPR. One patient showed a change in the pattern of discharge from interictal changes to an ictal rhythm. Another patient with normal EEG during sham record developed temporal epileptiform discharges during real exposure.Conclusion: Mobile phone radiation shows recognizable effects on the brain rhythm of persons with epilepsy. These results should be confirmed by future studies to establish a recommendation addressing the use of such devices in epileptic patients.

Purpose: Serious concerns about the effect of mobile phone radiation on cognition are growing. This study aimed to assess the possible effect of mobile phone radiation in persons with epilepsy and in normal subjects. Methods: The amplitude and reaction time of auditory event–related potentials (P300) and occipital alpha frequency were compared before and after exposure with a 30-minute call in 30 persons with epilepsy and in 30 control subjects. Alpha power was monitored before, during, and after exposure to mobile phone radiation. Moreover, correlations with clinical aspects were analyzed. Results: Increased reaction time and decreased P300 amplitude were more evident in persons with epilepsy. A significant decrease in alpha power was noted in control subjects and persons with epilepsy and was associated with an increased bilateral alpha frequency. In persons with epilepsy, such changes significantly correlated with the time since the last seizure and with the therapy regimen. Conclusions: Thirty-minute exposure to mobile phone radiation has a significant effect on the electrophysiological correlates of cognition, especially in persons with epilepsy.