In order to illustrate the importance of studying sowing dates of some wheat cultivars, a field experiment was carried out at Sakha Agri. Res. Stat. ARC at the north region of Delta Egypt during the two winter successive seasons

Two field experiments in randomized complete block design with three replicates were carried out at Shandweel Agriculture Research Station, during 2013 and 2014 seasons. The objective of the the present study is to evaluate the application of organic fertilizer (FYM), biofertilizers (Microbien), humic acid and fulvic acid as substitutions of all or part of the nitrogen chemical fertilizer in fertilizing common bean variety Paulista. The obtained results indicated that any treatemnt of adding FYM, microbien and humic and fulvic acids with the recommended dose of nitrogen increased values of plant height, fresh root weight at 50 and 70 days from planting, nitrogen content fresh pods (%), leaf area and number of pods/pant more than vaules the N rocommended dose (RD) only, and then with ¾ N RD and ½ N RD, especially with adding humic and fulvic acids. Adding FYM, microbien and humic and fulvic acids with the recommended dose of nitrogen increased pod length, fresh pod yield (ton/fed) and exportable fresh pods yield (ton/fed) more than the N values rocommended dose (RD), and then with ¾ N RD and ½ N RD, especially with adding FYM. Adding FYM was effective on nitrogen content in leaves (%) at the high levels of nitrogen (rocommended dose (RD) and ¾ N RD), while, the effect of adding humic and fulvic acids were realized at the level of ½ recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest fresh pods yield, i.e., (3.985 and 3.961 ton/fed) were recorded by the combination between the recommended dose of chemical nitrogen plus the farm yard manure in the first and second season, respectively. No significant effect between ¾ RD (N) + FYM, ¾ RD (N) + Microbien and ¾ RD (N) + humic and fulvic acids compared with the recommended dose of chemical nitrogen of the most studied traits. It is clear that the application of organic and biofertilizer with ¾ chemical fertilizer not only improve crop productivity but also decrease of mineral frtilizer and reduce environmental hazards.

This study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of microwave energy on all stages of cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) reared on faba bean seeds exposed to microwave at the lowest energy (17% of 800W.) for the 2,3,4,5, and 6 minutes. Exposure of adults to microwave energy for 5 minutes caused 90% mortality and complete reduction of progeny. When the eggs laid on faba bean seeds were exposed to microwave energy for 5 minutes, the hatchability was 1.9% compared with control (77.7 %). When the larvae inside the seeds were exposed to microwave energy for 5 minutes, complete reduction of progeny was found. Microwave did not affect on pupa stage at all periods of exposure. There was no significant difference in the chemical composition, crude protein, oil and total carbohydrate contents between treated and untreated faba bean seeds to microwave energy. Meantime, results of SDS-PAGE in soluble seed protein revealed a total number of 22 bands (6 common bands were monomorphic while the other were polymorphic). The maximum number of bands ( 14) appeared with 5 minutes of exposure time but when exposure time decreased to 3 and 4 minutes, it showed the minimum number of bands (10). There was no significant differences in viability and seedling vigor traits of untreated or treated faba bean seeds with microwave energy for 2,3,4, and 5 minutes. Highly significant reduction in the viability and seedling vigor were recorded with exposure time of 6 minutes. Highly significant loss of 100-seed weight was recorded after treatment with microwave energy for 6 minutes compared with other treated and untreated seeds.

Attempts were made to find methods for distinguishing seeds of four wheat varieties (Sisd 12, Sids 13, Misr 1 and Misr 2) during 2009/2010 season. Methods such as phenolic acid, ammoncial silver nitrate and ninhydrin treatments, reputed in other crops to stain different seed cultivars with different colours were undertaken. Reaction to phenolic acid and some reagents, reputed to deal with tyrosinase enzyme were tested on grain. Other trials based on chromatography techniques were undertaken. It was found that the quickest method which produced distinct differences in colour was when seeds were set on seed test paper moistened with water and exposed to phenol vapour for different concentrations and different hours, and the colour of spots were then recorded. In another treatment seed sample was placed on seed testing paper moistened with water and then exposed to ammonical silver nitrate reagent. The spots formed by Misr 1 and sids 12 seeds became yellow and seeds of Sids 13 and Misr 2 became orange yellow. Moreover, the ninhydrin test gave the best violet spots by seed of Sids 13 and Misr 2 and light violet spots by seeds of Misr 1, whereas gave the negative reaction by seeds of Sids 12. Qualitative measure standards should be further investigated based on the present findings. It could be concluded that this tests are used for discrimination among genotypes of cereal crops such as wheat, barley and rice.

Field experiments were carried out during the two summer seasons of 2016 and 2017 at The Experimental Farm, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt to study the effect of mulch (without mulch and straw mulch) on two colored sweet pepper hybrids ("Yellow Star F1" and "Red Star F1", Capsicum annuum L.). Transplanting was carried out on 19 th May. Straw mulch was added after 10 days later. The experimental plot area was 15m 2 (15 m long and 1.0 m wide). Drip irrigation system was used. Each experimental plot had one dripper line, the distance between plants in the same row was 50 cm, which gave, planting density of 2.0 plants m -2 . Split -plot design with three replicates was used, where sweet pepper hybrids were randomly arranged in the main plots, and mulch treatments were randomly arranged in the sub plots. 'Red Star F1' hybrid recorded the highest values of plant height, number of leaves and leaf area as well as plant fresh and dry weight traits at 75 days after transplanting in both seasons. Red Star F1'and Yellow Star F1' both with mulch recorded the highest values of all vegetative growth traits and marketable yield traits in both seasons. Mulch treatment had higher values of all studied marketable yield traits (number of fruits/plant, mean fruit weight (g), and yield/plant (kg) in both seasons. Using straw mulch increased number of fruits/plant by 48.59% as compared to without mulch treatment. The highest values of all marketable yield traits in both seasons were recorded with 'Red Star F1' or 'Yellow Star F1' both with mulch.