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Background and Aim: In Egypt, there is a scarcity of recent data on trichinellosis in pigs and humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with Trichinella spiralis infection as well as to assess the effectiveness of the trichinoscope and digestion technique in diagnosing trichinellosis. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on 33812 pigs slaughtered during a year at the Al-Basateen abattoir, Cairo Governorate, Egypt. The slaughtered pigs had already been examined by trichinoscope in the abattoir. The diagnostic effectiveness technique was randomly conducted on 170 pork muscle samples, which were examined using the digestion technique. Furthermore, 90 serum samples from high-risk individuals in Qena and Sohag Governorates, Upper Egypt, were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The investigation revealed that the overall prevalence was 1.06% in pigs by trichinoscope. Of the examined 170 samples, 2.35% and 3.35% were found to harbor Trichinella by trichinoscope and artificial digestion, respectively. Trichinella was identified as T. spiralis using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. A significant relationship was affirmed between the prevalence of trichinellosis and the sex and age of the examined pigs. Likewise, for the first time, there was a considerable seasonal trend in the prevalence of Trichinella with the maximum infection, which was observed during Autumn (1.18%). The prevalence of trichinellosis in humans was 10%, with a significant association with age. Conclusion: Our findings are intended to serve as a starting point for developing effective preventive and control measures for trichinellosis (as application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in pig farms, stop feeding pigs on garbage as well as, preventing illegal slaughter of pigs outside the slaughterhouses). It also fortifies the establishment of the digestion technique because of its high specificity and sensitivity, although it is difficult to apply to a large number of samples.

Food animals are important sources of protein of high quality and essential nutrients. However, a large number of carcasses and offals are condemned in slaughterhouse as a result of various diseases. An abattoir study was performed at two uninvestigated regions in Egypt for two years (2017-2018) in order to identify the chief causes of meat condemnation and the subsequent economic loss. A retrospective survey was carried out on the North and South of Egypt, The northern region was represented by Alexandria abattoir and owing to the full lack of information in the Southern region it was represented by two abattoirs; Qena and Aswan abattoirs. Ante-mortem and postmortem examinations were carried out and the findings of inspections were recorded and analyzed. Moreover, the financial loss was determined. Out of 167812 animals were slaughtered in the three abattoirs, 68 (0.04%) animals were totally condemned. In addition to, 3198 (1.9%) lungs, 1447 (0.86%) hearts, 4290 (2.55%) livers, 535 (0.31%) heads, 291 (0.17%) kidneys and 765 (0.45%) spleens were condemned. This work revealed that the economic loss due to meat condemnation in three slaughterhouses was 4529010 Egyptian pound (383063 USD). The main causes of meat condemnation were tuberculosis, icterus, parasitic cyst, pneumonia, hydronephrosis and fascioliasis. The incidence of meat rejection and financial loss in the Aswan slaughterhouse was significantly high. The revenue damage caused by meat condemnations was high in comparison to the amount of local income. The findings of the current work highlighted the necessity for the development of an effective control program for the causes of meat condemnation in Egypt.

Bovine babesiosis Babesiosis The disease also called piroplasmosis, tick fever, Red water fever or Taxes fever. 13 Etiology The genus Babesia belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, class Sporozoasida, order Eucoccidiorida, suborder Piroplasmorina and

PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES