Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective intervention for people with interstitial lung disease (ILD), as it improves exercise capacity, quality of life and dyspnoea. Less is, however, known about other important and frequent symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. This study explored the response of anxiety and depression symptoms to PR in people with ILD.Participants undertook a 12-week community-based PR programme. Anxiety and depression symptoms were evaluated before and after PR with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). The sample was stratified into 2 groups according to the HADS score: ≥8 probable anxiety (PA) or depression (PD) and score <8 normal symptoms (NS). Responders were classified using the HADS minimal clinical important difference (≥1.5 points).46 people with ILD (62±13 years; 63%♀; 75±20 FVC% ; 56±18 DLCO% ) participated. Number of responders in anxiety symptoms (73% PA; HADS-A pre: 12±3; mean change: 4±2; p<0.001 vs 25% NS; HADS-A pre: 6±2; mean change: 2±0; p<0.001) was much higher than in depression symptoms (27% PD; HADS-D pre: 11±3; mean change: 3±1; p=0.014 vs 13% NS; HADS-D pre: 5±2; mean change: 2±1; p=0.003).PR seems to improve anxiety symptoms, but it might not be as effective for depression symptoms in people with ILD.Future studies are needed to investigate the role of PR in the psychological health of people with ILD.
Holography is an optics technique based on wave physics and lasers with several applications at our day life. The production of holograms involves experimental work based on hands-on activities and creativity. All these elements can contribute to the promotion of experimental teaching of optics and training on holography. The hologram itself acting as a final result from a long process of research and study can enable the engagement of high school students on physics and promote the stimulus on optics learning. Taking these assumptions into account a network of schools working on holography was built involving thirty schools from all country. Holography systems were developed and several handson activities were constructed. During last sixteen years students are working on laser optics and holography producing different kinds of holograms. This study presents all holography labs implemented at schools and it will analyzed the holography systems and materials developed for students. Training strategy will be discussed and holograms obtained by students will be presented. Results obtained show us that holography can be implemented as a strategy for promoting the learning of optics and it is a particular way to involve students on experimental work and lab research. Results obtained during this study will be presented in detail and analyzed with focus on students performance. Educational results, teachers training, prizes and other positive outcomes will be discussed and compared.
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