To conclude, our results suggest that the adjunct use of Kinect-based VR training may contribute to the improvement of UE motor function and AROM in chronic stroke patients. Further studies with a larger number of subjects with longer follow-up periods are needed to establish its effectiveness in neurorehabilitation.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of perceived social support on burnout, severity of pain and comorbid anxiety and depression among Turkish females with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Patients and methods: A total of 117 females including 65 patients with FMS (mean age 33.5±8.1 years; range 20 to 60 years) and 52 healthy controls (mean age 33.6±7.3 years; range 23 to 48 years) were included between January 2017 and May 2017. Following a semi-structured psychiatric interview by a psychiatrist, Sociodemographic Data Form, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Modules of Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), visual analog scale (VAS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were applied to participants. Results: As a result of the semi-structured clinical interview conducted by a psychiatrist, the prevalence of any mood or anxiety disorder was found to be significantly more common in the FMS group. The proportion of patients diagnosed with any mood or anxiety disorder using SCID-I was significantly different among FMS (n=50, 76.92%) and healthy control (n=14, 33.33%) groups (p<0.001). Correlations between these variables were examined within the FMS group. There was a significant negative correlation between VAS and MSPSS. There were significant negative correlations between MSPSS and HDRS, HARS, all subscales of MBI. There were significant positive correlations between VAS and HDRS, HARS, all subscales of MBI. Conclusion: In conclusion, perceived social support was found to be strongly associated with depression, anxiety, burnout and severity of pain in patients with FMS. Our study provided support to emphasize the importance of perceived social support among females with FMS. Considering that FMS is associated with many physical and cognitive complaints in addition to pain, it can be considered as a multi-systemic disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach.

Background This study aims to translate the caregiver difficulties scale (CDS) into Turkish language and to reveal its reliability and validity in Turkish informal family caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods This study included 130 participants (39.9 ± 7.8 years; range 24–58 years; 106 females and 24 males). Demographic properties of participants, relationship with the care recipient, income, caregiving time, CP type and diseases of the child (e.g., epilepsy, hydrocephalus and congenital heart disease) and the caregiver were recorded. The CDS, caregiver well‐being scale (CWBS), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL‐BREF) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) were used for data collection. The internal consistency of the CDS was assessed using the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. A test–retest interval of 2 weeks was used to assess the reliability. The intercorrelation of variables was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to find the predictive power of CDS scores for depression. Results A total of 130 family caregivers of children with CP completed the test/retest procedures. The Cronbach alpha coefficients were found as 0.878 for the test and 0.852 for the retest. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value was found between 0.83 and 0.90 for test–retest reliability of the CDS. In addition, the CDS showed a significantly strong correlation with CWBS‐activities of living subscale and WHOQOL‐BREF psychological, physical and environment domains, as well as a significantly moderate correlation with CWBS basic needs subscale, BDI and WHOQOL‐BREF general health and social domains. CDS scores that are >46 resulted in a sensitivity of 81.48% and a specificity of 73.79% for moderate–severe depression. Conclusion The Turkish version of the CDS is a valid and reliable measure for caregiver burden of family caregivers of children with CP.

Strain EUS is a promising diagnostic tool for assessing stiffness in spastic muscles, in establishing the treatment plan and monitoring the effectiveness of the therapeutic modality.

Background/aim: Clinicians associate the changes in cervical lordosis with neck pain, but there is no clear consensus on this. We aimed to investigate the relationships of cervical angles, neck pain, disability, and the psychological status of the patients with acute and chronic neck pain.Materials and methods: A total of 110 patients with neck pain were included in this study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. The lordosis angle was determined by the posterior tangent method. A visual analog scale (VAS), the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale were administered to all patients. Results:The mean cervical lordosis angle was 23.10 ± 8.07 degrees. A statistically negative correlation was detected between cervical angle and duration of disease (P < 0.05). The cervical angle of the acute neck pain group was higher than that of the chronic pain group (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the acute and chronic neck pain groups with respect to VAS, NDI, and HAD scores (P > 0.05). Conclusion:We found that the cervical angle was significantly lower in chronic neck pain patients when compared to acute patients, and patients with higher pain scores had more severe disability and that disability increased with the duration of disease.