Çoğunlukla kontamine gıda ve suların tüketilmesiyle vücuda alınan bakteri, virus veya parazitlerin neden olduğu akut gastroenteritler (AGE) özellikle çocuklar için hayati tehlike oluşturabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada AGE'li çocuklarda adenovirus ve rotavirus sıklığının cinsiyete, yaşa ve mevsimlere göre dağılımının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bir yıl süreyle mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına AGE'li çocuklardan gönderilen 1080 gaita örneği Rotavirus Adenovirus antijen kiti ile çalışılmıştır. Bulgular: Örneklerden 173 (% 16)'ünde rotavirus, 65 (% 6)'inde ise adenovirus pozitifliği saptanmıştır. Kızlar ve erkeklerde pozitiflik oranlarının benzer olduğu görülmüştür. Yaş gruplarından 7-12 ay, 13-24 ay, 37-48 ay, 49-60 ay dönemindeki hastalarda rotavirus sıklığının diğer yaş gruplarından daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Adenovirus sıklığının ise tüm yaş gruplarında benzer olduğu saptanmıştır. Yine rotavirusun kış ve ilkbaharda daha sık saptandığı, adenovirusun ise sonbahar, kış ve ilkbaharda yaz mevsiminden daha sık görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak her iki virusun da cinsiyet farkı olmaksızın çocukları enfekte edebildiği görülmüştür. Adenovirus sonbahar, ilkbahar ve kış aylarında daha sık görülürken, rotavirusun özellikle ilkbahar ve kış aylarında daha yüksek oranlarda saptanabildiği ve AGE'li çocuklarda özellikle bu mevsimlerde akla gelmesi gerektiği düşünülmüştür.

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a parasitosis frequently seen in persons who have travelled to tropical or subtropical regions and in those who have worked in contact with soil. The disease frequently develops due to Ancylostoma braziliensis and Ancylostoma caninum species. After penetrating the skin and entering the body, the hookworm larva proceeds to bore tunnels through the epidermis, creating pruritic, erythematous, serpiginous lesions. Secondary bacterial infections of the lesions can often be seen, especially on the legs and buttocks. In this article we presented three atypical local cases which have not been declared previously in our country. The first case, a 54-year-old male who was admitted to hospital in August with complaints of an obverse body rash and itching lasting for a week. Eruptions were observed over a small area on the right side of the abdomen, consisting of itchy, raised, erythematous, curvilinear string-like lesions. Moreover, no eosinophilia was detected in the patient, whose culture showed a growth of Streptococcus pyogenes. The patient was clinically diagnosed with CLM accompanied by secondary bacterial infection and treated for three days with 1 g of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, mupirocin cream and albendazole 400 mg/d. Under this regime, the lesions were seen to decline. The second case, a 38-year-old male was also admitted in August, complaining of itching and redness on his body. The patient, whose blood count values were normal, exhibited itchy, raised, serpiginous string-like lesions located on the left side of his body. The patient, whose bacterial culture was negative, was clinically diagnosed as CLM and treated for three days with albendazole 400 mg/d and the lesions were seen to improve. The third case, a 23-year old male was admitted in September complaining of itching and redness on his neck. An itchy, crescent-shaped erythematous lesion was detected on his neck; bacteriological cultures and blood count were normal. The common feature for all three cases was the story of working in a hazelnut orchard and mowing weeds using a motorized string trimmer (weed whacker). None of them had a history of travel outside the country. Therefore CLM assumed to be occurred due to the aeration of surface earth layer with the force of motorized string trimmer and entrance of the larvae were from the open parts of the body. In conclusion, it should be keep in mind that hookworm larva-related CLM can be encountered in our country, and reporting of the patients with similar findings are necessary to determine the prevalence of this parasitosis in our country.

ÖZETÜriner sistem infeksiyonlarının (ÜSİ) In conclusion, in our study E.coli is the most detected microorganism and for these strains nitrofurantoin, quinolones and aminoglycosides' resistance rates were below 20 %. Therefore we think that these antibiotics may be used for empirical therapy. But because of antibiotics' negative effects and the high ESBL positivity in E.coli strains and the increased resistance rates for the antibiotics in these strains, it seems necessary to perform culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing before therapy. SUMMARY The Evaluation of Resistance Rates to Various Antibiotics and Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Positivity of Esherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Strains Isolated from Outpatients with Urinary Tract Infection Most of the urinary tract infections are uncomplicated and community acquired. Escherichia coli and less frequently Klebsiella spp. strains are known to be the most frequent microorganisms that cause urinary tract infections. Development of antimicrobial resistance in these bacteria is an important problem for the world. The most important mechanism for antibacterial resistance ise production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). In this study antimicrobial resistance rates of E.coli and Klebsiella spp. strains isolated from urine cultures and impact of the ESBL

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Introduction: The spread of Acinetobacter baumannii, resistant to most of the available antimicrobial agents, is a serious health problem. The high rate of carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates is considered as a threat to public health. In this study, we aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance and related genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Methodology: Ninety six isolates of A. baumannii were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Phoenix Automated System and disk diffusion method. Carbapenem resistane was characterized by scrneeing of resistance genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M1-2, blaPER, blaVEB, blaKPC, blaGES, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaOXA23-24-51-58 using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results: Resistance for the levofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tigecycline were determined as 96.9%, 93.7%, 72.9% and 45.8% respectively. Colistin was the only susceptible antibiotic against all clinical isolates. All isolates were defined as multidrug resistance and of these, 31.2% were extensively drug-resistant (sensitive only to colistin). BlaOXA-51­  and blaOXA-23 genes were detected in 100% strains while blaTEM was found in only 2% strains. There was no amplification for the blaSHV, blaCTX-M1-2, blaPER, blaVEB, blaKPC, blaGES blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaOXA24-58 genes. Conclusions: The high frequency of blaOXA-23 and low frequency of blaTEM gene was observed that indicate prevalence of a variety of A. baumannii strains. The rates of resistance genes vary from region to region. Studies are required for the prevention and control of A. baumannii infection and to formulate the strategies of antibiotic usage.