The book gives current scientific positions of the system analysis methodology on the basis of various models and scales, both in deterministic conditions and under conditions of uncertainty and risks. Models of complex systems are considered. Classification of types of systems modeling is presented. The principles of constructing scales are considered: nominal type, order, intervals models of complex systems are formulated. Stages of construction of mathematical model of system are made. The main types of measurement, ratios, differences and absolute scale. Methods for processing characteristics measured in different scales. Life cycles and empirical laws of evolution, engineering and reengineering of developing management information systems, patterns of evolution of such systems, bifurcation phenomena and the importance of attractor development constraints are analyzed. The problems of management of innovative projects using fuzzy logic methods, fuzzy algorithms (Mamdani, Larsen, Sugeno and Tsukamoto), fuzzy growing pyramidal networks and elements of artificial intelligence are considered. Some methods for analyzing and assessing the sustainability of managing risky investment projects on the basis of the theory of the function of a complex variable, operational calculus, actor-network theory, imitation modeling, and the construction of a stability curve are presented. Empirical laws of evolutionary dynamics of information-control systems are considered. Some methods for modeling defect management processes in a developing information management system are presented, including mathematical modeling using the Kendall method. The stochastic network model of the evolution of the information-control system is analyzed. Interpretation and evaluation of the penetration of defects into the system is given. Management decisions and budgeting of the information management system are analyzed.

The issue of strength analysis as well as foreknowledge of component and structure life is of interest at this time for new composite materials. New composite materials and alloys elastic response is often unknown, and standard methods for their determining can not be applied to, e.g. materials featuring surface gradient properties. Elasticity modulus method of examination is based on stepwise removal of part of the material from the rod sample surface or application of a coating onto the sample surface. Each step is accompanied by measurement of the sample lateral dimensions, and density. To determine Young´s modulus, resonance frequencies of the sample subjected to forced longitudinal vibrations are measured using an ultrasonic device. The device principle of operation is based on excitation and tracking of the sample forced mechanical oscillations close to its own frequencies, measurement of resonance peak parameters followed by calculations of the Young´s modulus. To induce and track the forced oscillations in the sample, use is made of piezoelectric transducers attached to damped acoustic transmission rods, while the sample is fixed between pointed rod ends. This arrangement makes it possible to examine also Young´s modulus temperature dependences. Young´s modulus measurement results for case-hardened hard alloy are provided. It is shown that Young´s modulus of surface layers is lower than that of the base material, which is explained by formation of new compounds in the surface layers owing to chemical and diffusion reactions between an alloying element and alloy components. The doped layer extends to 0.45 mm. The results obtained can be used for strength calculations of case-hardened materials, estimation of cohesive and adhesive strength of individual layers of coatings, structure and other physical and mechanical properties of materials.