Purpose The purpose of this paper is to construct a theorized leadership development model for social enterprises based on the experiences of its current leaders, highlighting what are inherently imperative processes and competencies future leaders should hold. Design/methodology/approach Using the epistemological lens of phenomenological analysis, it focuses on the developmental process elements for the social enterprise leader, between the individual and the environment, and the individual and the community. To formulate the model, multiple data collection methods were utilized. Findings Analyzing multiple experiences of different social enterprise leaders formed a suggested processual leadership development model, which discovers fundamental elements and skills necessary in their development. Research limitations/implications Findings provide a foundational basis in the continued development of social entrepreneurs as rooted in the unique experiences of current social enterprise leaders. A limitation worth noting is the contextual distinctiveness of experiences that may shape the leadership experience. Practical implications Findings provide a baseline theorized framework on the critical facets of leadership development for social enterprise. Pragmatically, this functions as a competency framework that can be transformed into concrete learning activities and training sessions. Originality/value This paper provides perspective into social enterprise leadership emergence. It underscores the processes involved in comprehending how these leaders evolve through interpreting context, understanding their value and creating awareness with and through others.

Research has been lacking in exploring the implications of sexual identity on public leadership and in using discursive approaches to develop gender and public leadership literature. This study utilizes queer analysis to explore how six nonheterosexual public leaders in the Philippines negotiate their leadership identities and practices vis-à-vis a collectivistic, religious, and heteronormative culture. Interview accounts yield a reimagining of public leadership as a desire for intimacy with the people. Embedded in heteronormativity, this unspoken conception positions nonheterosexual subjects as unfit to participate in public leadership spaces, compelling them to make concessions to be allowed entry into the field. Such concessions, however, do not preclude the emergence of queer public leaderships that eventually enable a leadership praxis grounded on intersectionality. These findings reveal possibilities for a radical liberation of leaders and followers from interlocking structures of oppression.

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In the Philippines, queer individuals face adversities related to their sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (SOGIE), with the country's strong Catholicism perceived as a source of adversity for these individuals. Despite this, studies have found religious involvement and a religious community in certain contexts can be used to strengthen queer individuals' resilience, allowing them to overcome these adversities. The present study investigated queer Catholic emerging adults' experiences of resilience through faith in a Southeast Asian context. Queer Filipino Catholic emerging adults aged between 18 and 25 were interviewed, and their life experiences explored using the narrative approach. Results show and validate queer emerging adults go through various forms of adversities, many of which are related to the religious culture in the country. A hypothesized framework culled from the data depicts how participants were able to overcome these adversities by engaging with a supportive Catholic community, renewing their understanding of faith teachings, and having a sense of providence. A major contribution of the paper is how collectivist behaviors and social responsibility resulting in building communities of resilience can be beneficial in progressing individual queer resilience within the bounds of faith and sexuality. Public Significance StatementThe Catholic faith, despite its current move to become more inclusive, is still perceived as a source of difficulty for Philippines queer individuals with regards to their sexual orientation and gender identity and expression given the faith's power and influence on its populace. Its firm stronghold on traditional paradigms prevents acceptance of various forms of gender identity and expression. However, past studies have found that Catholicism can serve to boost the resilience of queer individuals to overcome the challenges they face since it provides the tableau for individuals to see their connection to the divine and empower them to see the values of their identities. This difference in perspectives created our interest to investigate the life experiences of these queer Filipinos, and through a qualitative approach, formed a narrative of the difficulties they faced as queer individuals, their relationship with their faith, and how they were able to utilize their faith to their advantage as fount of resilience. The 14 young adolescents we interviewed emphasized the need for social responsibility and building communities of resilience in progressing queer resilience. In this way, we can understand that gender resiliency, most especially during the formative years, operates within the intersection of sexuality and faith, and that these 2 are not conflicting but in essence collaborating.