The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10503253, located within the CUB and Sushi multiple domains-1 (CSMD1) gene on 8p23.2, was recently identified as genome-wide significant for schizophrenia (SZ), but is of unknown function. We investigated the neurocognitive effects of this CSMD1 variant in vivo in patients and healthy participants using behavioral and imaging measures of brain structure and function. We compared carriers and non-carriers of the risk 'A' allele on measures of neuropsychological performance typically impaired in SZ (general cognitive ability, episodic and working memory and attentional control) in independent samples of Irish patients (n = 387) and controls (n = 171) and German patients (205) and controls (n = 533). Across these groups, the risk 'A' allele at CSMD1 was associated with deleterious effects across a number of neurocognitive phenotypes. Specifically, the risk allele was associated with poorer performance on neuropsychological measures of general cognitive ability and memory function but not attentional control. These effects, while significant, were subtle, and varied between samples. Consistent with previous evidence suggesting that CSMD1 may be involved in brain mechanisms related to memory and learning, these data appear to reflect the deleterious effects of the identified 'A' risk allele on neurocognitive function, possibly as part of the mechanism by which CSMD1 is associated with SZ risk.

The authors sent a questionnaire assessing curricula on sexual counseling to chairpersons of all counselor education programs in the United States. Results show the current status of sexuality instruction for counselors.

This study was conducted in an attempt to identify affective characteristics which distinguish between disciplinary and nondisciplinary students. The measures employed were the Inventory of Beliefs, Rokeach's Dogmatism Scale, and the Differential Values Inventory. A control group, matched on the basis of college aptitude score and socio-economic status, was selected with which to compare the disciplinary group. Male and female scores were analyzed separately. The writer hypothesized that disciplinary offenders would tend to be more flexible, less dogmatic, and hold more emergent value systems than non-offenders. In each case except one the hypotheses were rejected. Female offenders differed significantly from non-offenders with reg a d to value orientation in the direction predicted.HIS STUDY was conducted in an attempt T to differentiate potential disciplinary offenders from non-offenders on certain affective measures. It was felt that research of this nature would have both theoretical and practical value to those involved in various aspects of college student behavior. We know little about the dynamics behind disciplinary behavior, and many educators are becoming increasingly aware of the need for research in this area. HYPOTHESES AND METHODThe writer hypothesized that disciplinary offenders would tend to be more flexible, less dogmatic, and hold more emergent value systems than nondisciplinary offenders. These hypotheses were made on t+e basis that a possible cause underlying disciplinsry behavior might be an inability to conform to prevailing standards. Hence, the person who is most rigid, iuflexible, and who possesses more traditional values is not as likely to break the rules as the person who does not have these traits to the same degree.The analysis of variance technique was used throughout the study €or purposes of convenience in computer programming as well as for consistency. This is why the t test was not used in this portion of the study. Since the hypotheses are all directional, the F values were tested against the one-tailed table, values for which were obtained from Edwards (1960). SUB JEcrSThe subjects were members of the entering freshman class at Michigan State Uni-624 Personnel and Guidance Imrnul

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