AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis aktivator dan ukuran partikel terhadap karakteristik karbon aktif dari serbuk gergaji kayu sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria). Karakteristik karbon aktif perlu dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui kualitas adsroben, pengujian tersebut meliputi uji kadar air, kadar abu, daya serap terhadap iodin, dan BET (Braunanear, Emmelt, dan Teller). Serbuk kayu sengon yang telah dihaluskan kemudian diayak mengunakan variasi -20,+40, -40,+60, -60,+80, -80,+100 mesh. Proses karbonisasi dilakukan pada suhu 500°C selama 30 menit. Pembuatan karbon aktif diaktivasi menggunakan aktivator H3PO4, NaOH, dan NaCl dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 0,1 M dalam 100 mL. Proses aktivasi dilakukan perendaman selama 24 jam, menyaring, dan residunya dibilas dengan aquadest hingga pH netral kemudian dioven pada suhu 150°C selama 3 jam. Hasil Karbon aktif dilakukan uji kualitas sesuai dengan SNI 06-3730-1995. Hasil penelitian dalam pembuatan karbon aktif dari serbuk kayu sengon menunjukkan H3PO4 merupakan aktivator terbaik pada ukuran partikel -80,+100 mesh, menghasilkan kadar air, kadar abu, dan daya serap iodin berturut-turut sebesar 3,69%, 2,89%, dan 710,64 mg/g. Uji BET dilakukan pada ukuran partikel -60,+80 mesh sebesar 0,534 m 2 /gram. AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of activator types and particle sizes on the characteristics of activated carbon from sengon wood sawdust (Paraserianthes falcataria). The characteristics of activated carbon need to be tested to determine the quality of adsorbent, the test includes testing of water content, ash content, the absorption capacity of iodine, and BET (Braunanear, Emmelt, and Teller). Sengon wood powder which has been mashed then sifted using variations of -20, + 40, -40, + 60, -60, + 80, -80, + 100 mesh. temperature of 500°C for 30 minutes. The activated carbon is activated using activators of H3PO4, NaOH, and NaCl with a concentration of 0.1 M in 100 ml, respectively. The activation process was soaked for 24 hours, filtered and the residue rinsed with distilled water until the pH was neutral, then oven at 150°C for 3 hours. Active carbon results are tested for quality in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995. The results of the research in the manufacture of activated carbon from sengon wood powder showed that H3PO4 was the best activator in particle size of -80,+100 mesh, resulting in moisture content, ash content, and iodine absorption of 3.69%, 2.89%, 710.64 mg/g respectively, and . The BET test is carried out at a particle size of -60,+80 mesh of 0.534 m 2 / gram.

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The reactor of the experiment was made from stainless steel with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 30 cm.  The liquid petroleum gas was used as a fuel in the reactor. The reactor was connected by the thermocouple that controls temperature variations at 410, 420, 430, and 450ºC. Raw material contained plastic bottles and waste caps, while the natural zeolite as a catalyst was dried and cut in dimensions of 3x3 cm. A gas as the reacted product was condensed using the first condenser, then the liquid product was collected. Uncondensed gaswas condensed again in the second condenser, then the liquid product was collected again. The volume of gas was calculated based on the water volume coming out of the gallon. Thiswas repeated with varied ratios of plastics to natural zeolite (67:33; 75:25; 80:20; and 83:17 wt%). Pyrolysis was run for two hours and every 20 minutes the sample was weighed to gauge the change inmass of gas and liquid. After 120 minutes, the solid sample was examined to identify the mass of final solid. Based on the research, at the temperature of 440ºC, the highest liquid yield was 68.42%. On the other hand, with the ratio of raw material to zeolite at 83:17 wt%, the largest yield of liquid was 87.31%. The liquid product in various temperature and comparisons of percentage of raw material to catalyst was found to meet diesel specifications based on The Decree of Director General of Fuels and Gas Year 200,8 Number 14,496 K/14/DJM/2,008.

Bagasse (Saccarum oficinarum L) is a waste of sugar mills that can be utilized for a variety of chemicals. The purposes of this study are to determine the percentage of compounds and physical properties of bio-oil, to determine the effect of variations of particle size and heating rate on the yields of bio-oil. Pyrolysis has been carried out in a reactor made of steel pipe type 5737 with dimension: diameter 7.62 em and a length of 3 7 cm.. The reactor was inserted into the furnace with a diameter of 15.24 em and a length of 40 em. One hundred and fifty grams of bagasse (Saccarum oficinarum L) has been inserted into the reactor without the presence of oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Pyrolysis has been carried out at the particle size of (-20+25) mesh, (-25+30) mesh, (-30+35) mesh, (- 35+40) mesh, and -40 mesh with electrical voltage of 100, 105, 115, and 120 volt. Produced of bio-oil has the following properties: brown color, pH of 2.96 to 3.03, viscosity of 1.3306 to 1.5101 cp, and density of 1.03 to 1.5 g/mL. The largest content of the compound is acetic acid (59, 72%). The highest yields percentage of the particle size is (40,32%) on (-20+25 mesh) with the highest yields percentage of electrical voltage is 38,82% on 105 volt.Keywords : Bagasse, acetic acid, bio-oil, pyrolysis, yields

The increase in the industrial and urban activities has resulted in the rise of plastic production and consumption. The higher demand for plastic causes accumulation of plastic waste in which it contributes to environmental problems. About 65-70% of plastic waste is a type of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE). To reduce this type of waste, the pyrolysis method can be an alternative. This study investigated the catalyst ratio and particle size of the material. The results indicate that the optimum catalyst was at 15% wt/wt with liquid and gas yields of 99.15% and 0.85%, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimum particle size variation is at 7.5 x 6.5 cm with liquid and gas yields of 99.82% and gas 0.18%, respectively. The proximate analysis of LDPE wastes includes the analysis of ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon, with the values of 0.35, 99.61 and 0.04% wt/wt, respectively. The chemical composition is analyzed using Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010S. The highest percentage component is heptane. The fuel analysis shows pyrolysis oil products comply with the national standard set by the regulation No. 14499 KJ14/DJM/2008. The reaction kinetics parameters of the liquid and gas activation energy are of 127,025.79 J/mol and 73,766.93 J/mol, respectively. Meanwhile, the liquid and gas pre-exponential factors are 8,590 and 257,respectively.