[reaction: see text] A highly practical, general method for catalytic formation of substituted pyridines from a variety of unactivated nitriles and alpha,omega-diynes is given. The reactions which were catalyzed by 5 mol % of dppe/CoCl2-6H2O in the presence of Zn powder (10 mol %) could proceed at rt to approximately 50 degrees C with high functional compatibility and regioselectivity.

[reaction: see text] A 2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)iminomethylpyridine (1a)/CoCl(2).6H(2)O/Zn reagent has been developed as an effective instant catalyst for the intra- and intermolecular cyclotrimerization of alkynes to substituted benzenes, making the method extremely practical since the reagent, 1a/CoCl(2).6H(2)O/Zn, is inexpensive and easy to handle and the reaction is less sensitive to moisture and is reasonably general.

The use of curdlan, a natural beta-1,3-glucan, in the preparation of sustained release suppositories was studied in vitro. To prepare the suppositories, indomethacin, prednisolone or salbutamol sulfate was mixed with curdlan gel. Preparation conditions, including heating time and curdlan concentrations of 5 and 10%, had little effect on the drug release. The tonicity (hypotonic or isotonic) of the media for the suppository preparation and for in vitro drug release study also had little effect on drug release. However, the heating temperature during gel preparation, the drug amount in the suppository and the type of release media did affect drug release. It was found that drug release was sustained and diffusion-controlled in the three drugs. And finally, curdlan can be applicable for use in a sustained release suppository.

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