Thus, all principles of competitive interaction between substrates, all regulatory systems are involved in the mechanism of regulation of glucose homeostasis and the development of IR. These aspects need to be considered when developing preventive and curative measures.

In this paper, we present a model of interplay between protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways with regard to the carbon chain transporting systems, as well as generation and consumption of energy. This model elucidates the role of protein metabolism in the impairment of glucose tolerance during the absorption period. We also discuss the effects on energy homeostasis exercised by cytokines via mTOR pathway (the key factor of insulin signalling) considering the phenomenon of insulin resistance.