\s=b\Brow elevation via the indirect temporal lift approach was carried out on a series of 26 cadaver half heads. The purpose of the dissection was to identify the course and depth of plane of the frontalis branch of the facial nerve. Of

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Patients with facial paralysis are often seen in neurosurgical practice. Obtaining full facial symmetry and function after facial nerve damage presents the neurosurgeon with a difficult challenge. Various surgical techniques have been developed to deal with this problem. These include primary nerve repair, nerve to nerve anastomosis, nerve grafting, neurovascular pedicle grafts, regional muscle transposition, microvascular muscle transfers, and nerve transfers. Patient selection, timing of surgery, and details of surgical technique are discussed. The results of hypoglossal-facial anastomosis in 24 patients are described.

We have described a benign osteoblastic lesion in the middle ear in a 13‐year‐old boy who presented with a gradual hearing loss in the right ear. The patient also described a beating or pulsating sensation in the right ear without other symptoms. The examination of the right ear revealed a mass lesion which occupied the medial portion of the canal and seemed to be arising from and in continuity with the posterior inferior wall of the external canal. The benign osteoblastoma rarely has malignant characteristics. Based on the experience of others, partial removal of the lesion was carried out by curettage preserving the integrity of the middle ear space and facial nerve. This is probably the first case report of such a lesion involving the temporal bone in the middle ear and we found it to be a most interesting and thought provoking lesion both by virtue of its presentation and management.