A single exposure to nitric oxide (NO) donors produces a long-lasting hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine (HRP) in rat aorta rings. Here the authors investigate the role of the endothelial layer in the development of NO-induced HRP and the putative role of endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors in counteracting it. The NO donor S-nitrosoacetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) induced a dose-dependent reduction in the maximal effect (Emax) of phenylephrine. In rings without endothelium, Emax dropped to 60%, 25%, and 10% of control values 1 h after a 30-min incubation with SNAP (2, 20, and 200 microM, respectively). In contrast, the presence of endothelium prevented the HRP induced by 2 microM SNAP and significantly reduced the HRP elicited by 20 and 200 microM SNAP (Emax reductions of 50% and 65%, respectively), thereby characterizing the endothelium protective effect. Superoxide dismutase (SOD; 100 IU/mL), MnTBAP (a nonenzymatic SOD mimetic; 100 microM), captopril (10 microM), MK886 (a lipoxygenase inhibitor; 10 microM) and BQ 123 (endothelin receptor A antagonist; 1 microM) did not change the endothelium protective effect. Therefore, increased release of vasoconstrictors that would counteract NO-induced loss in phenylephrine responses cannot account for the protective effect of endothelium. In contrast, oxidation of sulphydryls with DTNB prevented the onset of SNAP-induced HRP. A better understanding of mechanisms by which the endothelial layer (or protein sulphydryl groups present in it) exerts its protective effect towards the NO-induced loss in physiological vasoconstriction is likely to be of value in cardiovascular conditions such as ischemia/reperfusion and septic shock.
O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o perfil dos matriculados, de sua participação no curso e da prática da auriculoterapia pelos egressos de um curso semipresencial de auriculoterapia ofertado a profissionais da atenção primária à saúde brasileira, em 2016-2017. Foi enviado um questionário eletrônico após o curso a 5.703 matriculados, respondido por 2.982 profissionais (52%). A maioria eram mulheres (86%), relativamente jovens (idade média= 36,8 anos), enfermeiras (35%), fisioterapeutas (14%), psicólogas (8%) e médicas (7%). Concluíram a etapa a distância 95% dos respondentes e sentiram-se aptos a praticar auriculoterapia após o curso 79% deles; sendo que 73% o fizeram. Destes, 93% referiram boa aceitação pelos usuários e 96% relataram perceber boa efetividade clínica. O curso é uma iniciativa educacional indutora da prática da auriculoterapia em quase 3/4 dos egressos. A disseminação em larga escala do curso pode viabilizar a integração da auriculoterapia ao cuidado convencional na atenção primária à saúde.
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