Entrepreneurial small firms (ESFs) are characterized by a permanent dynamic of innovation not only regarding their commercial offers, but also their organizational processes. Potentially, newcomers play a key role in the maintenance of this innovation dynamic, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding their socialization. In this research, we develop an understanding of socialization processes in ESFs by taking an institutional work perspective. Through a qualitative, longitudinal and inductive research design based on two case studies, we make several contributions. First, we identify different socialization activities enforced jointly and separately by newcomers and insiders. Second, we explain the dynamics of these activities with the achievement of two socialization outcomes: maintenance of institutionalized roles and the creation of new ones. Our results enrich the organizational socialization literature by introducing a new field of enquiry and by showing that role creation can be a major distal outcome of socialization processes. We also develop new perspectives on institutional work by demonstrating the importance of newcomers and the dimensions of agency at play during socialization processes.Emilie Bargues is assistant professor of organizational theory and intrapreneurship at ESC Clermont-Ferrand. Her research focuses on organizational socialization and innovation. She also works on corporate governance issues and practices.Bertrand Valiorgue is professor of strategy and corporate governance at Clermont Auvergne University. He holds the Alter-Governance Chair and has expertise in the governance of cooperatives.
L’intégration des nouvelles recrues constitue un enjeu important pour les organisations. Une littérature abondante s’est développée pour éclairer ce phénomène sous l’angle de la socialisation organisationnelle. Si plusieurs axes ont structuré le champ, il reste beaucoup à apprendre sur les aspects processuels de la socialisation des nouveaux collaborateurs. Cet article répond à cet objectif en développant une approche contextualiste de la socialisation organisationnelle appliquée au champ des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). Grâce à une étude longitudinale en temps réelle sur six cas de socialisation en PME, nous dégageons plusieurs résultats. D’abord, nous identifions quatre catégories de pratiques de socialisation dans les PME et proposons une modélisation de leurs enchainements et de leurs interactions dans le temps, c’est-à-dire une modélisation du processus de socialisation. Nous identifions ensuite les régularités et variabilités de ce processus. Le contenu apparaît ainsi étroitement lié à l’environnement intra-organisationnel et aux processus politique et culturels de l’organisation. Au final, une analyse des liens entre le processus de socialisation, son contexte et son résultat nous permettent de dégager des préconisations managériales.
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