ResumoO crescimento acelerado e desordenado da população ao longo dos anos contribuiu com a necessidade de implantação de infraestruturas básicas nas cidades, acarretando em diversos problemas no saneamento básico. Para solucionar os problemas de ordem hídrica, uma das vertentes está no desenvolvimento de sistemas de tratamento de esgoto, sendo a seleção do local de instalação de suas estruturas físicas uma questão complexa. Diversos fatores de ordem física, química, biológica e social devem ser interpretados, objetivando uma análise robusta. Nesse contexto a análise multicritério é amplamente utilizada para selecionar alternativas locacionais objetivando a instalação de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE). Um modelo baseado em lógica difusa é proposto para potencializar as análises dos locais de implantação de estação de tratamento de esgoto, os critérios utilizados no modelo foram: distância da área urbana; pedologia; uso do solo; altitude e declividade, sendo utilizada a cidade de Criciúma (SC) como estudo de caso. O modelo apresentou bons resultados indicando as melhores alternativas locacionais para implantação de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto em Criciúma segundo os parâmetros estabelecidos, inclusive, coincidindo com as definições do zoneamento do Plano Diretor.
The mining industry can be one of the most impacting human activities. In the southern region of Santa Catarina (Brazil), open pit coal mining has left an extensive environmental impact. Since there was no topsoil in the abandoned open pit sites, it is necessary to provide a substrate for vegetation growth. However, the selection of the best substrate between multiple options is difficult. Thus, a fuzzy logic-based model is proposed. The proposed model was compared to reference models and to experts' knowledge. Statistical analysis and validation were carried out with a correlation coefficient, a Kappa coefficient, along with the Accuracy, Precision, Sensibility Specificity, F-Score and Mathews correlation coefficients. The data set used to assess the proposed model presented a wide range of data, but for values such as aluminum saturation, higher values were common. The fuzzy logic-based expert system presented better results when assessing the behavior of the defuzzified output values with the crisp input values. The fuzzy model also followed the trend of the reference models (with R2 between 0.3639 and 0.5250). The comparison to the experts' opinion demonstrated that agreement comes easily with extreme values (such as not suitable and suitable). However, using a Winner-Takes-All approach, the proposed fuzzy model had high scores for suitable soils for land reclamation's soil construction. The proposed model can be used to define the best substrate for land reclamation. Some improvements, such as different parameters and increases in the number of interviews rounds, should be also tested.
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