BACKGROUND: Many anatomical variations have been associated with the Celiac Trunk, of which most are classified as being asymptomatic. CASE PRESENTATION: In this article, we describe yet another anatomical variation involving the Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric artery and the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery during routine cadaveric dissection. We identified a fourth branch of the Celiac trunk (quadrification) that communicated with the Superior Mesenteric artery at the point of origin of the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery which we concluded to be the Anterior Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery. CONCLUSION: This anastomosis could be essential in the case of occlusion between the Celiac Trunk and the Superior Mesenteric artery.

BACKGROUND: Variations in human anatomy have been associated with numerous clinical correlations that may affect patient care. In this article, we present a unique variation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus about the axillary artery and subscapular artery. The precise assessment of this unique morphology was performed during a cadaveric dissection. CASE PRESENTATION: Contrary to the general course of the medial cord of the brachial plexus, this report demonstrates a rare splitting of the medial cord around the axillary artery and a second abnormal communication between the posterior and medial cords that show a “nutcracker-like” syndrome involving the subscapular artery. CONCLUSION: Such variations could make surgeries challenging. We also infer that these anatomical variations could make gliding therapy inefficient in any motor dysfunction initiating from the brachial plexus.

The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerve tissue in the human body that has been reported to vary from person to person. We describe a very rare variation of the brachial plexus found on a routine cadaveric dissection. On the left side of the chest, we identified two lateral pectoral nerves arising from the lateral cord and innervating the pectoralis major muscle; two medial pectoral nerves (MPNs) arising from the medial cord that innervates both pectoral muscles and a communicating branch that connects the lateral and MPN. In addition, this communicating branch had a nerve that innervated the pectoralis minor muscle. Knowing the variations of branching of the pectoral nerves is critical when performing any medical procedure in the pectoral region, such as plastic breast reconstruction surgery after modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer, removal of the pectoral muscles, anesthetizing the brachial plexus, or axillary dissection.

BACKGROUND: Anomalies associated with the vertebral arteries are relatively rare. The vertebral arteries arise from the first part of the Subclavian artery and pass through the transverse foramina of C6 through C1. CASE PRESENTATION: However, in this article, we describe a unique variation in the anatomical orientation of the right vertebral artery during a routine cadaveric neck dissection where the right vertebral artery gives an oblique branch from the extradural segment (C2) forming a fenestrated Vertebral artery. CONCLUSION: Despite the lack of established clinical significance, multiple co-morbid vascular malformations are yet associated with the Vertebral artery fenestration with a possibility of iatrogenic injuries if not taking into cognisance.