Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(4): 449-452, abril 2013 449 RESUMO.-[Inquérito epidemiológico sobre o complexo teníase-cisticercose bovina no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais.] Apesar da importância do complexo teníase--cisticercose bovina para a saúde pública, animal e para a economia, a realidade epidemiológica da ocorrência dessas zoonoses no Brasil é pouco conhecida. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil epidemiológico desta zoonose na zona rural do município de Viçosa, MG. A prevalência encontrada de cisticercose bovina foi de 0,42%, e nenhum caso de teníase humana foi diagnosticado. Foi ve- Despite the importance of human taeniasis/bovine cysticercosis for public and animal health and the economy, its actual epidemiological status in Brazil is not well-studied. We sought to assess the epidemiological profile of this zoonosis in the rural area of Viçosa County, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The prevalence of bovine cysticercosis was 0.42%, whereas no case of human taeniasis was diagnosed. Factors favoring the persistence of zoonosis were identified. These included the supply of untreated water to animals, animals raised for slaughter without sanitary supervision, poor mechanization of raising techniques, and the use of untreated water for human consumption. Bovine meat for human consumption acquired in the city or from the farm itself was characterized as a risk factor for bovine cysticercosis (Odds Ratio (OR) =16.77; p<0.05). Nevertheless, the families on the investigated farms did apply several appropriate measures to control this disease, such as the virtual lack of open sewers and the consumption of well-cooked meat. The presence of bovine cysticercosis cases, and the factors favoring its persistence, point to the need for constant epidemiological and sanitary surveillance in this county.

The efficiency of larval Taenia crassiceps (Tcra) antigens was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose bovine cysticercosis. Three types of antigens were evaluated: total (T), total sonicated (Ts), and membrane (M); these samples included positive and negative control sera for cysticercosis, as well as sera for other pathologies. The sensitivity rates of ELISA were determined to be 85.0 and 81.25% for T antigen, 82.5 and 78.75% for Ts antigen, and 80.0 and 80.0% for M antigen, using cut-off points with standard deviations (SD) of 2 and 3, respectively; the specificity rates of ELISA were 47.5 and 58.75% for T antigen, 65.0 and 73.75% for Ts antigen, and 58.75 and 62.5% for M antigen, using 2 and 3 SD cut-off points, respectively. These results demonstrated that ELISA, which displayed a better performance in the detection of experimentally infected animals, had a higher sensitivity than the anatomical and pathological examination performed (during routine post-mortem inspections) in other studies. However, the post-mortem investigation is highly specific, and the specificity was higher than that of ELISA. Therefore, a combination of these diagnostic tests must be utilized for the accurate detection of bovine cysticercosis, demonstrating the practical applicability of ELISA. Key words: Bovine cysticercosis, ELISA, performance rates, Taenia crassiceps ResumoEnsaios foram conduzidos para avaliar a eficiência de antígenos de larva de Taenia crassiceps (Tcra) no teste ELISA para o diagnóstico da cisticercose bovina. Três antígenos foram avaliados: total (T), total sonicado (Ts) e de membrana (M). As amostras analisadas foram soros-controle positivos e negativos para a cisticercose, além de soros de bovinos com outras patologias. As taxas de sensibilidade para o teste ELISA foram respectivamente, com 2 e 3 desvios-padrão, 85,0 e 81,25% para o antígeno T, 82,5 e 78,75% para o antígeno Ts e 80,0 e 80,0% para o antígeno M; as taxas de especificidade, com 2 e 3 desvios-padrão, foram respectivamente: 47,5 e 58,75% para o antígeno T, 65,0 e 73,75% para o antígeno Ts e 58,75 e 62,5% para o antígeno M. Estes resultados demonstram que o ELISA, apesar de apresentar melhor desempenho em detectar animais experimentalmente infectados, apresentou taxa de sensibilidade superior ao exame anatomopatológico realizado durante a rotina de inspeção relatada

Cysticercosis affects cattle, which develop the larva of Taenia saginata after ingesting their eggs, which are released by humans. It is a parasite that is distributed worldwide. The use of geoprocessing allows a better definition of endemic areas and populations that face different levels of risk and thus creates a basis for specific control programs for each farming system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological situation of bovine cysticercosis in four municipalities in the Triângulo Mineiro region (Romaria, Iraí de Minas, Grupiara and Douradoquara), with special attention given to the influence of the hydrographic network on the spatial distribution of the disease. The properties sampled (68) for laboratory and epidemiological analysis (questionnaire) were also georeferenced. The risk factors were analyzed using the ArcGIS 10.1 program. The animals were submitted to immunodiagnostic tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot) for the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. After confirming the disease focus properties, the spatial distribution of the cases was analyzed in relation to the watershed of the region. The positive results for bovine cysticercosis on the properties of the municipalities of Romaria and Iraí de Minas were grouped together, which was a significant result (p < 0.01). Although the positive results for bovine cysticercosis in the municipalities of Grupiara and Douradoquara were randomly distributed (p = 0.27), the risk factor that proved to be statistically significant in the regression analysis for cysticercosis transmission was the water source from the river/ stream. From the analysis of the map based on the hydrography of the region, it can be observed that for the distribution of positive cases for bovine cysticercosis in the properties, the main risk factor was the interference of the rivers and their tributaries that fed the municipalities sampled. This study allowed the identification of the prevalence of the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex in the properties of the sampled municipalities (53.84% in Romaria, 45.45% in Grupiara, 37.03% in Iraí de Minas and 35.29% in Douradoquara). The results from this study will help in the prevention and control of this zoonosis in the researched areas. Key words: Bovine cysticercosis. Risk factors. Spatial distribution. Hydrography. ResumoA cisticercose acomete aos bovinos, que desenvolvem a larva da Taenia saginata, a partir da ingestão de seus ovos que são liberados pelos seres humanos. É uma parasitose que tem distribuição mundial. O uso do geoprocessamento possibilita melhor definição de áreas endêmicas e das populações sob diferentes níveis de risco, criando base para programas de controle específicos para cada sistema de criação agropecuária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a situação epidemiológica da cisticercose bovina, em propriedades de quatro municípios da região do Triângulo Mineiro (Romaria, Iraí de Minas, Grupiara e Douradoquara), com especial atenção sobre a influência da rede hidrog...

ResumoO complexo teníase-cisticercose é uma zoonose de grande importância para a saúde pública e animal. O ser humano desempenha importante papel sendo o único hospedeiro definitivo do parasita. Albergando no intestino as formas adultas da Taenia saginata ou da Taenia solium, cabendo à forma larvar (cisticerco) o desenvolvimento na musculatura de bovinos e suínos ou do próprio homem, quando este também atua como hospedeiro intermediário. Visando obter maior conhecimento sobre esta zoonose, o objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o perfil epidemiológico do complexo teníase-cisticercose na zona rural do município de Matias Barbosa, localizado na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas de sangue de 350 bovinos e 81 suínos e amostras de fezes de 124 pessoas da população presente em 74 propriedades rurais. Além disso, foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico sobre as condições sócio-econômicas e sanitárias de cada propriedade. Observou-se uma prevalência de 0,9% de bovinos positivos ao teste de Immunoblot. Não houve suínos positivos, assim como também não foi diagnosticada pessoa portadora de teníase. Alguns fatores de risco de transmissão do complexo teníase-cisticercose no município foram identificados como o consumo de carne bovina e suína mal aquecida, propriedades sem saneamento básico e criação de bovinos com acesso a fontes de contaminação. Apesar da baixa prevalência da cisticercose bovina encontrada no município de Matias Barbosa, é necessária a tomada de medidas de controle do complexo teníase-cisticercose para impedir que haja aumento de casos da doença no município, tendo em vista que foram registrados fatores favoráveis à sua manutenção. Palavras-chave: Imunodiagnóstico, prevalência, fatores de risco, teníase-cisticercose, zoonose AbstractThe taeniosis-cysticercosis complex is an important disease to the public and animal health. The man plays an important role in the life cycle, because he is the unique definitive host. The adult forms of the Taenia solium or Taenia saginata holds in gut, and the larvae forms develops in the muscle of bovine and swine, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of the taeniosis-cysticercosis complex transmission in rural area of Matias Barbosa -MG, Brazil. Catla and swine lood and human stool samples were collected from 74 farms. Cysticercosis were eníasis were diagnosis serological methods and the teniasis by direct microscopy. Moreover, a questionnaire was

Given the limited knowledge about the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis by immunoblot, the aim of this study was to assess the applicability of this test, identifying key peptides with diagnostic value. Immunoblot assays were performed using total larval antigen of Taenia crassiceps and 60 sera of positive bovines for cysticercosis (30 naturally and 30 experimentally infected with T. saginata eggs), 30 sera of negative bovines for cysticercosis and 30 sera of bovines with other diseases (fascioliasis, hydatidosis and tuberculosis). The peptides of greater diagnostic importance, in descending order of accuracy (%), were as follows: 6-8kDa (90.8%), 129-143kDa (74.2%), 99-105kDa (71.7%) and 14-19kDa (71.1%). Cross-reactions, due to fascioliasis and hydatidosis, were observed in the four intervals of peptides highlighted. The results demonstrate that the total antigen of T. crassiceps has peptides with a high diagnostic potential; therefore, the immunoblot is useful in the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis.