Cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of renal transplantation. The vast majority develop from recipient origins, whereas donor-derived malignancies are exceedingly rare. We report 2 cases of poorly differentiated donor-derived urothelial carcinoma (UC) in renal transplantation recipients. The first patient underwent a living-related-donor renal transplantation 24 years prior and presented with back pain, hematuria, and rising creatinine and was found to have a 14 cm mass in the renal allograft with regional lymphadenopathy and liver metastases. Pathology showed UC with small-cell differentiation. The second patient presented with hematuria and rising creatinine and was initially found to have muscle invasive bladder cancer seven years after a deceased donor renal transplantation. Nine months after radical cystectomy, a large 9 cm mass was found on his allograft, for which radical nephrectomy and excision of prior ileal conduit was performed. Pathology showed UC with sarcomatoid differentiation. Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping confirmed donor-derived origins. Both patient tumors expressed PD-L1 suggesting an additional therapeutic avenue for these rare tumors.

Purpose Is ulinastatin administration an effective treatment for Kawasaki disease? We investigated the ulinastatin administration and other factors that might influence the duration of fever and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the children sufferin g from Kawasaki disease. Method We planed multi-center and retrospective study. We investigated 80 patients in the 12 institutions from March 1998 to May 2001. Three patients were excluded because of a readministration of high-dose gamma glob u lin. 44 female and 33 men were treated by high-dose gamma globulin: a single administration of 2g/kg or ulinastatin administration with high-dose gamma globulin. Ulinastatin was infused 5000/kg x 3 per day intravenously when the patients has high tempe r at ure. Their age was 2.8 ϩ/-2.4 years old. 43 patients were treated by high-dose gamma globulin and 31 patients were treated by high-dose gamma globulin with ulinastatin. We analyzed a correlation between the duration of fever and CRP, and following f ac tor s; age, sex, maximum CRP, maximal white blood cell count, minimal albumin concentration, minimal hemoglobin concentration and treatment protocols, by multiple regression analysis. Result The duration of fever and CRP from the start of t rea tmen ts were 41 ϩ/-39 hours and 8.8 ϩ/-5.4 days. Maximal CRP value was 10.0 ϩ/-7.2 mg/dl. The duration of fever significantly correlated with age and minimal albumin concentration (regression coefficient were 4.57 and -19.1; pϽ0.02 and pϽ0.03, re spect ively). The duration of CRP was significantly correlated with age (regression coefficient was 1.05; pϽ0.0003). Neither the duration of fever nor CRP was correlated with treatment protocols with or without ulinastatin. Conclusion The a dditio nal ulinastatin treatment with high-dose gamma globulin do not influence the duration of fever and CRP in our cases. A NEW THERAPY FOR KAWASAKI DISEASE -EFFECTIVENESS OF ULI-NASTATIN THERAPY-Shigeru Yoshida, Yoshiko Ai, Keisuke Imai, Shinichiro Mimasu Department of Pediatrics, Kobe Steel Hospital Kakogawa, Hyogo, JapanOver the past two decades, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy has become established as a standard therapy for Kawasaki disease, but still has some problems. First, there are some cases resistant to initial high dose IVIG therapy. Although such cases are often successfully treated with additional IVIG therapy, a few cases are still resistant. Second, IVIG is costly and not without risk of adverse reactions, including transmission of infectious agents. Considering these problems, we think that an alternative therapeutic approach to Kawasaki disease is needed. Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory disease that causes panvasculitis, including coronary artery. Polymorphonucleocytosis in the early stage of the illness suggests the implication of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. Urinary trypsin inhibitor (ulinastatin, UTI ) is derived from human urine, and inhibits the neutrophil elastase activity. Ulinastatin has been shown to have a clinical application for the treatment...

This thesis examines the fembot, or female robot, as a cultural site of complex signification in Western society. As a combination of woman and machine, the fembot functions as a metaphor for male desire and fear. I will explore the fembot archetype through film and advertising, analyze the relationship between women and machines, and attempt to understand the common themes that have become tied to the fembot: sex, technology, fetishism, death, dismemberment, and comedy.

This thesis examines the fembot, or female robot, as a cultural site of complex signification in Western society. As a combination of woman and machine, the fembot functions as a metaphor for male desire and fear. I will explore the fembot archetype through film and advertising, analyze the relationship between women and machines, and attempt to understand the common themes that have become tied to the fembot: sex, technology, fetishism, death, dismemberment, and comedy.

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