Chronic pulmonary infections with

Key Points Question What are the sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiologic characteristics of persons diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 in close succession in California? Findings In this cross-sectional analysis of public health surveillance records from California residents, 91 individuals diagnosed with TB and COVID-19 more commonly had Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, diabetes, and residence in a low health equity census tract compared with those who received a TB diagnosis before the COVID-19 pandemic. Mortality rates among those diagnosed with TB and COVID-19 in close succession were higher than mortality rates among those with TB before the COVID-19 pandemic and those with COVID-19 alone. Meaning The findings of this analysis suggest that addressing long-standing health inequities and integrating prevention measures for COVID-19 and TB in California may reduce the co-occurrence of these diseases and prevent deaths.

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Aims Hyponatremia is associated with poorer outcomes and diuretic response in patients hospitalized for heart failure. This study compared a tolvaptan-based vs. furosemide-based diuretic regimen on short-term clinical responses in hyponatremic acute heart failure. Methods and results Prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, single-centre study comparing oral tolvaptan vs. continuous infusion furosemide. Thirty-three subjects requiring hospitalization for acute congestive heart failure, and a serum sodium < 135 mmol/L, were randomized to tolvaptan 30 mg orally daily or furosemide 5 mg/h intravenously for initial 24 h, after which treatments could be escalated. Median daily dose throughout was tolvaptan 30 mg and furosemide 120 mg, with four subjects in each group requiring dose escalation. Urine output and net fluid balance were not different between groups at 24 h or subsequent time points up to 96 h. Changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate were comparable. Cystatin C improved at 24 h with tolvaptan compared with furosemide (À6.4 ± 11.8 vs. 4.1 ± 17.2% change, P = 0.036), but the effect was transient. No significant between group differences were seen for NT-proBNP, plasma renin activity, or urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin:Cr. Serum sodium, as well as copeptin levels, increased with tolvaptan compared with furosemide. Conclusions Oral tolvaptan was associated with similar, but not superior, diuresis compared with intravenous furosemide for acute heart failure with concomitant hyponatremia.

Both the CG(rnd) and CG(AF) methods of predicting CL(amino) in underweight patients were superior to the CG(SCr) equation. The CG(AF) method was more accurate in patients exhibiting greater differences between IBW and actual body weight.