Within clinical supervision in psychology, supervisor self-disclosure plays an important role in normalizing supervisees' clinical experiences and process of identity development. This article explores three examples of supervisees' experiences with supervisor self-disclosure. We discuss the circumstances surrounding supervisor self-disclosure and how it facilitated professional development and clinical competency. Each supervisee reported an existing strong supervisory relationship and experienced the disclosure as beneficial to their identity development. We recommend future research examine the impacts of supervisor self-disclosure on supervisee development. Additionally, we suggest that training on supervisor self-disclosure be more readily available and integrated into existing supervision training opportunities.
Public Significance StatementSelf-disclosure within clinical supervision in psychology has consistently been identified as a core component of the supervision process. The focus, however, has primarily been on supervisee (i.e., psychology trainee) self-disclosure, with limited exploration of supervisor self-disclosure. This article presents case examples that explore the use of supervisor self-disclosure as an effective means of promoting supervisee professional development, self-efficacy, and sense of professional identity.
Military life is characterized by high occupational stress that may include dangerous training exercises, lengthy deployments, combat exposure, as well as frequent relocations and separations from family that can contribute to emotional distress. Individual attachment style is associated with coping responses and may distinguish service members and veterans (SMVs) who exhibit stress-related symptomatology versus those who do not. Furthermore, family systems theory suggests that couple and family relationships may mitigate or exacerbate the impact of these stressors on SMVs' psychological outcomes. Married or partnered SMVs (N ϭ 156) completed an online survey that included measures of adult attachment strategies, couple communication, family functioning, and psychological symptoms. Multivariate multiple regression results documented strong associations between attachment strategies and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, as well as some moderation effects by couple communication and family functioning. Demand-withdraw communication moderated the associations between attachment avoidance and symptoms, and family functioning moderated the association between attachment anxiety and depression, whereas positive couple communication was nonsignificant across models. Overall, the results suggest that the family attachment network plays an important role in the mental health of SMVs.
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