Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) includes a broad range of dermatologic manifestations, which may or may not be associated with systemic disease. Recent studies in this area continue to shape our understanding of this disease and treatment options. Epidemiologic studies have found an incidence of CLE of 4.30 per 100,000, which approaches similar analysis for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although there have been extensive efforts to define SLE, the classification of CLE and its subgroups remains a challenge. Currently, diagnosis relies on clinical and laboratory findings as well as skin histology. The Cutaneous Lupus Area and Severity Index™ (CLASI™) is a validated measure of disease activity and damage. CLE pathogenesis is multifactorial and includes genetic contributions as well as effects of ultraviolet (UV) light. Immune dysregulation and aberrant cell signaling pathways through cytokine cascades are also implicated. Patient education and avoidance of triggers are key to disease prevention. Antimalarials and topical steroids continue to be the standard of care; however, immunosuppressants, thalidomide analogs and monoclonal antibodies are possible systemic therapies for the treatment of recalcitrant disease.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disease occurring in association with or without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although antimalarials are widely used as the first-line systemic agent, refractory cases may benefit from additional immunomodulators, immunosuppressives, and biologics. An interest in biological therapies for CLE has emerged in recent years due to novel insight into the pathogenesis of CLE. These targets include B cells, T cells, and cytokines that are involved in immune system pathways. Currently belimumab is the only biological therapy approved for SLE and no biologic has been approved for CLE. While there is a paucity of high quality evidence with regard to biologics in CLE management, trials are currently being performed to determine their role.

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